“…The natural vegetation of the site is dry woodland, occupying over 806 ha, being dominated by B. papyrifera. The total population of the site in 2018 was of around 6552 inhabitants ( Negussie et al., 2018 ; Personal communication). Figure 1 Geographical location of the study site.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The plots were established within the study site occupied by B. papyrifera and following a systematic random sampling method. The first sample plot was randomly laid out and the others systematically at the above-mentioned interval ( Alemu et al., 2012 ; Negussie et al., 2018 ). In each plot, the following data were recorded: identification of all woody species, number of each woody species, Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) and height of each woody species.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For this study, we followed the AHP techniques to select the best intervention alternative (the overall objective) for sustainable B. papyrifera woodland conservation in terms of ecological, economical and biological criteria by involving multiple stakeholders with their competing interests. To do this, candidate intervention alternatives for the woodland conservation were first developed based on the consultation of experts, personal field experiences and literature reviews ( Abiyu et al., 2010 ; Lemenih and Kassa, 2011 ; Tilahun et al., 2011 ; Mekonnen et al., 2013 ; Derero et al., 2018 ; Negussie et al., 2018 ; Bongers et al., 2019 ). These activities also helped to consider free grazing and over tapping (without resting time for frankincense production) as the most important threats for the development of the alternatives.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It has also recently been suggested to be considered for a vulnerable category in the IUCN Red List, based on the criteria that >30% populations reduction over the past three generations ( Bongers et al., 2019 ). Besides, the species is being attacked by different pests and diseases: the Idactus spinipennis Gahan insect, the Lasiodiplodia fungal disease and Tapinanthus globiferus parasitic plant ( Yirgu et al., 2014 ; Gezahgne et al., 2017 ; Negussie et al., 2018 ).…”
Boswellia papyrifera
woodland provides considerable economic, ecological and socio-cultural benefits in the drylands of Ethiopia. However, its populations are in rapid decline due to human pressure and environmental degradation. As a consequence, the species is now considered being endangered, demanding an urgent conservation intervention to sustain its existence. This study was carried out in the Abergele district, northern Ethiopia, with objectives to characterize the current population structure of
B. papyrifera
and prioritize its potential conservation intervention alternatives using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) modelling techniques. The woody species related data were collected from 33 sample plots randomly established in the study area. Data related to the potential intervention alternatives and their evaluating criteria were collected from experts, personal experiences and intensive literature reviews, and then validated using stakeholders’ focus group discussion. Four candidate alternatives were then considered for the AHP: 1) free grazing with no tapping resting period (FGNTR), 2) free grazing with a rotational tapping (FGRT), 3) area exclosure with medium tapping resting period (AEMTR), and 4) area exclosure with long tapping resting period (AELTR). The results showed that the population structure of
B. papyrifera
is unstable and is characterized by low density (266 trees ha
−1
), absence of regeneration and saplings (DBH<10 cm) due to different interrelated disturbances such as overgrazing, over tapping, pests, agricultural expansion and poor managements. The overall priority ranking value of all stakeholders using the AHP techniques also indicated that AEMTR (with overall rank value of 0.352) and AELTR (0.294) as the best alternatives strategies, respectively, for sustainable
B. papyrifera
woodland conservation. For the success of these strategies, their economic impacts at their early implementation stages (5–10 years) should be minimized by collecting different non-timber forest products from the woodland. Continuous capacity building training on sustainable utilizations and managements of
B. papyrifera
woodland should also be provided for all relevant stakeholders.
“…The natural vegetation of the site is dry woodland, occupying over 806 ha, being dominated by B. papyrifera. The total population of the site in 2018 was of around 6552 inhabitants ( Negussie et al., 2018 ; Personal communication). Figure 1 Geographical location of the study site.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The plots were established within the study site occupied by B. papyrifera and following a systematic random sampling method. The first sample plot was randomly laid out and the others systematically at the above-mentioned interval ( Alemu et al., 2012 ; Negussie et al., 2018 ). In each plot, the following data were recorded: identification of all woody species, number of each woody species, Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) and height of each woody species.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For this study, we followed the AHP techniques to select the best intervention alternative (the overall objective) for sustainable B. papyrifera woodland conservation in terms of ecological, economical and biological criteria by involving multiple stakeholders with their competing interests. To do this, candidate intervention alternatives for the woodland conservation were first developed based on the consultation of experts, personal field experiences and literature reviews ( Abiyu et al., 2010 ; Lemenih and Kassa, 2011 ; Tilahun et al., 2011 ; Mekonnen et al., 2013 ; Derero et al., 2018 ; Negussie et al., 2018 ; Bongers et al., 2019 ). These activities also helped to consider free grazing and over tapping (without resting time for frankincense production) as the most important threats for the development of the alternatives.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It has also recently been suggested to be considered for a vulnerable category in the IUCN Red List, based on the criteria that >30% populations reduction over the past three generations ( Bongers et al., 2019 ). Besides, the species is being attacked by different pests and diseases: the Idactus spinipennis Gahan insect, the Lasiodiplodia fungal disease and Tapinanthus globiferus parasitic plant ( Yirgu et al., 2014 ; Gezahgne et al., 2017 ; Negussie et al., 2018 ).…”
Boswellia papyrifera
woodland provides considerable economic, ecological and socio-cultural benefits in the drylands of Ethiopia. However, its populations are in rapid decline due to human pressure and environmental degradation. As a consequence, the species is now considered being endangered, demanding an urgent conservation intervention to sustain its existence. This study was carried out in the Abergele district, northern Ethiopia, with objectives to characterize the current population structure of
B. papyrifera
and prioritize its potential conservation intervention alternatives using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) modelling techniques. The woody species related data were collected from 33 sample plots randomly established in the study area. Data related to the potential intervention alternatives and their evaluating criteria were collected from experts, personal experiences and intensive literature reviews, and then validated using stakeholders’ focus group discussion. Four candidate alternatives were then considered for the AHP: 1) free grazing with no tapping resting period (FGNTR), 2) free grazing with a rotational tapping (FGRT), 3) area exclosure with medium tapping resting period (AEMTR), and 4) area exclosure with long tapping resting period (AELTR). The results showed that the population structure of
B. papyrifera
is unstable and is characterized by low density (266 trees ha
−1
), absence of regeneration and saplings (DBH<10 cm) due to different interrelated disturbances such as overgrazing, over tapping, pests, agricultural expansion and poor managements. The overall priority ranking value of all stakeholders using the AHP techniques also indicated that AEMTR (with overall rank value of 0.352) and AELTR (0.294) as the best alternatives strategies, respectively, for sustainable
B. papyrifera
woodland conservation. For the success of these strategies, their economic impacts at their early implementation stages (5–10 years) should be minimized by collecting different non-timber forest products from the woodland. Continuous capacity building training on sustainable utilizations and managements of
B. papyrifera
woodland should also be provided for all relevant stakeholders.
“…Our study highlights the existence of greater knowledge on such gum-resin in CWS and limited or no knowledge among the harvesters in BRT and MMH. Negussie et al [62] suggest immediate management interventions to reduce the economic and ecological loses faced by B. papyrifera populations due to longhorn beetle infestation in Ethiopia. Boswellia serrata is one of the potential hosts for longhorn beetle infestation in the drier woodlands [63].…”
Soliga tribes in the Western Ghats, India harvest some NTFPs (non-timber forest products) for religious purposes. They extract gum-resin from Boswellia serrata Roxb. in Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Tiger Reserve (BRT), Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary (CWS), and Malai Mahadeshwara Wildlife Sanctuary (MMH) in the state of Karnataka, India. They use gum-resin as a cultural offering to the deities in the temples in these study sites and in their households. The traditional harvesting practices adopted by the Soliga tribes in these protected areas, types of gum-resin extracted, and the nature of the extraction processes were examined. The research undertook 346 household surveys with gum-resin harvesters and non-harvesters across 15 villages, along with 60 field trips with the harvesters, during which field harvesting activities and practices were noted. Six different types of gum-resin were harvested, with marked differences between the three sites. Because of the different types of gum-resin, the quantities harvested were also significantly different between sites. Approximately 80% of the harvesters were aware of some harmful methods of harvesting gum-resin, and some harvesters highlighted that B. serrata trees would yield gum-resin only when damaged. Such damage could be human-made or through the effects of elephants, wind, Trigona honey harvest, deer horns or body rubbing and longhorn beetles. Most (81%) of the non-harvesters surveyed previously practiced gum-resin harvesting but had ceased for a variety of reasons, mostly because of insufficient demand and hence income from the sale of gum-resin, insufficient supply, or fear of wild animals in the forests. Considering these cultural practices, experiences, and beliefs of the Soliga communities can help inform management plans and conservation of the species in its natural habitat. rural poverty in many regions of the world [6][7][8], which, under the right conditions, can also prompt resource conservation [9] and support cultural needs [10].Although many NTFP harvest systems appear ecologically sustainable [11,12], concerns are often voiced about the likelihood and potential impacts of overharvesting. This is because of the multiple uses and dependencies on NTFPs, which if overharvested could jeopardize the livelihoods, incomes, and species populations. The effects of harvesting may also be exacerbated by other stressors, such as climate change, fire, invasive species, or herbivory, further undermining the potential viability of harvested populations [13,14]. However, generalizations across contexts and species should be made with caution because the assessment of ecological sustainability must be done at the local scale while taking cognizance of the broader dynamics of the social-ecological system in which harvesting and livelihoods are embedded [12]. A multitude of factors need to be taken into consideration, such as the consequences of long-term NTFP harvest on individual populations, fitness and vigor of the progeny, climate and environmental variability, synergis...
Sacred sites like monasteries harbour a higher diversity of flora and fauna than nearby unprotected areas and sometimes even higher than protected areas. However, anthropogenic disturbance puts woodlands in these monasteries and churches under significant threat. To study the floristic composition and forest degradation of Waldiba monastery woodland in Tigrai, Ethiopia, 30 plots were established along transect lines. We recorded 39 native woody species (33 trees, 5 shrubs and 1 liana) belonging to 19 families. The woodland had a Shannon diversity index of 3.10, Simpson similarity index of 0.94, evenness of 0.58 and dominance of 0.06. The density of woody species was 922 stems ha−1 with a total basal area of 49.27 m2 ha−1. The tree species with higher importance value index (IVI) value were Dichrostachys cinerea (86.04%), Combretum fragrans (71.87%), Combretum hartmannianum (60.30%) and Combretum sp. (50.15%). The population structure of the woody species exhibited various patterns; bell shape, irregular shape, interrupted J shape, and J shape. Plant regeneration was inadequate for most of the tree species. Vachellia venosa is listed as endangered while C. hartmannianum as vulnerable in the IUCN red list species category. Waldiba dry woodland has underwent significant cover changes. Waldiba has lost much (65%) of its dense forest and open forest (44%) mainly due to anthropogenic disturbance. The woodland with its biodiversity is under threat. In effect, the species with low IVI, species listed in the IUCN red list and those species with none to poor regeneration status should be prioritized for in situ and ex situ conservation intervention to avert the threat. Research on reproductive ecology of the threatened indigenous species is imperative, as the woodland should be managed for ecosystem services and biodiversity conservation.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
