An exquisitely preserved filmy fern (Hymenophyllaceae) from the Early Cretaceous of Mongolia

Herrera, Fabiany; Moran, Robbin C.; Shi, Gongle; Ichinnorov, Niiden; Takahashi, Masamichi; Crane, Peter R.; Herendeen, Patrick S.

doi:10.3732/ajb.1700246

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…They are either epiphytic or terrestrial and predominantly tropical (Kramer and Green 1990). A typical feature giving the common name 'filmy fern' is the membranaceous lamina which lack stomata and has only one cell-layer between the veins (Kramer and Green 1990 (Axsmith et al 2001, Herrera et al 2017. Based on fossilcalibrated molecular dating the origin of filmy fern lineage has been dated at Permian or Carboniferous (Schuettpelz and Pryer 2006, 2009, Testo and Sundue 2016, Lehtonen et al 2017.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The complete plastid genome sequence of Trichomanes trollii (Hymenophyllaceae)

Lehtonen

2018

Nordic Journal of Botany

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Plastid genomes have become an important source of information for clarifying phylogenetic relationships especially where traditional molecular systematic studies have failed to produce strongly supported hypotheses. The exact phylogenetic position of an early diverging fern order Hymenophyllales has remained uncertain due to poor support in published phylogenetic studies. High‐throughput sequencing of the first complete plastid genome of the genus Trichomanes revealed genome structure similar to the closest relatives and the phylogenetic analysis resulted in equally poorly supported topology as the previous studies that were based on only a few molecular markers. It seems that, at least with the current poor taxonomic sampling of complete plastid genomes, the exact relationships between Hymenophyllales, Gleicheniales, and other nonosmundalean leptosporangiate ferns cannot be firmly established.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The complete plastid genome sequence of Trichomanes trollii (Hymenophyllaceae)

Lehtonen

2018

Nordic Journal of Botany

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“…Other fossils in the Hymenophyllaceae were reviewed by Herrera et al (2017) when they described Hymenophyllum iwatsukii . We agree with their assessment for the fossils whose placement in the family is questionable due to lack of characteristics for the fossil material.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For all specimens that remain in the family, the sori are located at the margins of the pinnule segments and not next to the costa, as in Acrostichopteris . Often the characters of the sori and sporangia, such as the tubular indusium or the extension of the receptacle that protrudes from the tip of the sorus in Trichomanes , are difficult to distinguish in the fossil material, which can make assignment to genus difficult (Herrera et al, 2017). The oldest known fossil, Hopetedia preatermissa (Axsmith et al, 2001), showed some resemblance to Trichomanes , although Axsmith et al cautioned against assumptions that this is an ancestral form, because the short receptacle appeared to be more derived and is more characteristic of Hymenophyllum and the indusium appears to be bivalvate, as it is in Hymenophyllum (Axsmith et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New information and family relationship (Hymenophyllaceae) for the fossil fern genus Acrostichopteris Fontaine and a new species from the Lower Cretaceous (Albian) of Spain

Skog

Sender²

2022

American J of Botany

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Premise: Reinvestigation of previously described fossil plants using improved techniques can provide insights for additional characters resulting in better family assignments and relationships to modern plants, as in this new study of the fossil fern Acrostichopteris from the mid-Cretaceous. The discovery of new species within genera provides additional characteristics for comparisons and support for family assignments. Methods: Fossil material was uncovered from the matrix (degagement) for the specimens described here. Material was removed from the matrix and mounted for examination by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Spores were extracted and prepared for examination with light, fluorescence, and SEM. Characters for the previously described material from the Potomac Group in the USA and the new material from Spain were compared with those of other fossils assigned to the genus. Results: The genus, described by Fontaine in 1889, reexamined by Berry in 1911, and assigned to the Schizaeaceae by Reed in 1947, is reassigned to the family Hymenophyllaceae on the basis of characteristics of the pinnules, sori, sporangia, and spores. We describe a new species in the genus from the Lower Cretaceous (Albian) of Spain that most likely belongs in this family, based on characteristics of the pinnules and the sori. A summary of all the species previously assigned to the genus is included. Conclusions: Assignment of this fossil to the family Hymenophyllaceae is based on all characters known and comparison to modern species, provides the time for appearance of characteristics within the family, and indicates diversification of Hymenophyllum species in the mid-Cretaceous.

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“…Growing alongside the Krassilovia plant were a variety of other presumed trees, including taxa related to extant Pinaceae (Schizolepidopsis, Picea, Pityostrobus, [65,86]), Cupressaceae (Elatides, Stutzeliastrobus, Pentakonos, [64,87], and the ginkgophyte Umaltolepis [70], as well as plants that may have been shrubs, such as the corystosperm Umkomasia [31,32]. The absence of lycopods and ferns (as macrofossils, mesofossils, or megaspores), other than the epiphytic filmy fern Hymenophyllum [88], suggests there was little or no herbaceous vegetation. A miniscule moss (Herrera, F. personal observation), represented by only a few fragments in the Tevshiin Govi flora may also have been epiphytic.…”

Section: Paleoecology Of the Krassilovia Mongolica-podozamites Harrismentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructing Krassilovia mongolica supports recognition of a new and unusual group of Mesozoic conifers

Herrera¹,

Shi

Mays

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Previously unrecognized anatomical features of the cone scales of the enigmatic Early Cretaceous conifer Krassilovia mongolica include the presence of transversely oriented paracytic stomata, which is unusual for all other extinct and extant conifers. Identical stomata are present on co-occurring broad, linear, multiveined leaves assigned to Podozamites harrisii, providing evidence that K. mongolica and P. harrisii are the seed cones and leaves of the same extinct plant. Phylogenetic analyses of the relationships of the reconstructed Krassilovia plant place it in an informal clade that we name the Krassilovia Clade, which also includes Swedenborgia cryptomerioides-Podozamites schenkii, and Cycadocarpidium erdmanni-Podozamites schenkii. All three of these plants have linear leaves that are relatively broad compared to most living conifers, and that are also multiveined with transversely oriented paracytic stomata. We propose that these may be general features of the Krassilovia Clade. Paracytic stomata, and other features of this new group, recall features of extant and fossil Gnetales, raising questions about the phylogenetic homogeneity of the conifer clade similar to those raised by phylogenetic analyses of molecular data.

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An exquisitely preserved filmy fern (Hymenophyllaceae) from the Early Cretaceous of Mongolia

Cited by 19 publications

References 42 publications

The complete plastid genome sequence of Trichomanes trollii (Hymenophyllaceae)

The complete plastid genome sequence of Trichomanes trollii (Hymenophyllaceae)

New information and family relationship (Hymenophyllaceae) for the fossil fern genus Acrostichopteris Fontaine and a new species from the Lower Cretaceous (Albian) of Spain

Reconstructing Krassilovia mongolica supports recognition of a new and unusual group of Mesozoic conifers

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