An extended last glacial maximum in the Southern Hemisphere: A contribution to the SHeMax project

Petherick, Lynda; Knight, Jasper; Shulmeister, James; Bostock, Helen; Lorrey, Andrew; Fitchett, Jennifer M.; Eaves, Shaun; Vandergoes, Marcus J.; Barrows, Timothy T.; Barrell, David; Eze, Peter N.; Hesse, Paul; Jara, Ignacio; Mills, Stephanie; Newnham, Rewi M.; Pedro, Joel B; Ryan, M. J.; Saunders, Krystyna M.; White, Duanne; Rojas, Maisa; Turney, Chris

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104090

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 504 publications

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“…All of these inferences coincide with previous paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic reconstructions regarding the prevailing conditions in the Pampean region during the LGM, that is, the predominance of semiarid climates and reduced temperature, moisture, and precipitation [ 88 , 89 ]. Additionally, palaeontological analysis on the morphological adaptations occurred in Neosclerocalyptus spp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Anthropic cut marks in extinct megafauna bones from the Pampean region (Argentina) at the last glacial maximum

Del Papa,

De Los Reyes,

Poiré

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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The initial peopling of South America is a topic of intense archaeological debate. Among the most contentious issues remain the nature of the human-megafauna interaction and the possible role of humans, along with climatic change, in the extinction of several megamammal genera at the end of the Pleistocene. In this study, we present the analysis of fossil remains with cutmarks belonging to a specimen of Neosclerocalyptus (Xenarthra, Glyptodontidae), found on the banks of the Reconquista River, northeast of the Pampean region (Argentina), whose AMS 14C dating corresponds to the Last Glacial Maximum (21,090–20,811 cal YBP). Paleoenvironmental reconstructions, stratigraphic descriptions, absolute chronological dating of bone materials, and deposits suggest a relatively rapid burial event of the bone assemblage in a semi-dry climate during a wet season. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of the cut marks, reconstruction of butchering sequences, and assessments of the possible agents involved in the observed bone surface modifications indicate anthropic activities. Our results provide new elements for discussing the earliest peopling of southern South America and specifically for the interaction between humans and local megafauna in the Pampean region during the Last Glacial Maximum.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Anthropic cut marks in extinct megafauna bones from the Pampean region (Argentina) at the last glacial maximum

Del Papa,

De Los Reyes,

Poiré

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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“…1, with indications of the locations of proxy records discussed below where available. Proxy records are included where dating falls within the period 24 to 18 ka, considered broadly representative of LGM-reconstructed climate in Australia (see Cadd et al, 2021, andPetherick et al, 2022, for further discussion of the timing of the LGM in Australia). These proxy records are compared with our model simulations in Sect.…”

Section: Palaeoenvironmental Proxy Records For the Australian Lgmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of studies have provided comprehensive synthesis of available terrestrial and marine records over the SH during the LGM (e.g. Reeves et al, 2013a, b;Petherick et al, 2022). However, limited numbers of climate modelling studies have focused on LGM conditions in the SH (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Last Glacial Maximum climate and atmospheric circulation over the Australian region from climate models

Du,

Brown,

Sniderman

2024

Clim. Past

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Abstract. The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ∼21 kyr ago) was the most recent time that the Earth experienced global maximum ice volume and minimum eustatic sea level. The climate changes over the Australian region at the LGM remain uncertain, including the extent of cooling in the arid interior, changes in the regional atmospheric circulations such as the tropical monsoon and mid-latitude westerlies, and changes in the balance between precipitation and evaporation. In this study, 13 climate model simulations that were included in the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) Phases 3 and 4 are used to investigate regional climate (temperature, precipitation, and wind) over Australia at the LGM. The model simulations are compared with existing proxy records and other modelling studies. All models simulate consistent annual and seasonal cooling over the Australian region (defined as 0–45° S, 110–160° E) at the LGM compared to pre-industrial, with a multi-model mean 2.9 °C decrease in annual average surface air temperature over land at the LGM compared to pre-industrial. Models simulate a range of LGM precipitation anomalies over the region. Simulated precipitation changes over tropical Australasia appear to be driven by changes in circulation and moisture transport, which vary greatly between models. Surface moisture balance calculated from precipitation minus evaporation shows little change over much of the Australian land area at the LGM. Changes in the strength and position of the mid-latitude westerlies are uncertain, with wide model disagreement. These results indicate that climate model simulations do not show a robust response in either tropical or mid-latitude circulation to LGM boundary conditions, suggesting that caution is required when interpreting model output in this region. Further analysis based on model evaluation and quantitative model–proxy comparison is required to better understand the drivers of LGM climate and atmospheric circulation changes in this region.

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Diatomite evidence for a small palaeo mountain lake at 3400 m asl, Lesotho, southern Africa

Fitchett,

Mackay

2024

J Quaternary Science

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The Eastern Lesotho Highlands experience an excess of rainfall sufficient to form the country's primary export, supplying the economic hub of southern Africa, Gauteng South Africa. However, there is currently only one natural lake in the country, Letšeng‐la Letsie, and evidence of palaeolakes in the region is therefore of particular interest. This study presents the analysis of a diatomite outcrop from a depression northwest of Mafadi Summit, at 3400 m asl. The presence of diatomite, dominated by the facultative planktonic species Staurosirella pinnata and Staurosira construens and abundant planktonic Aulacoseira ambigua, is indicative of the continuous presence of a shallow lake between ~4600 and 100 cal a bp. Comparative analysis of rainfall for the Mafadi and Letšeng‐la Letsie regions from CHIRPS gridded rainfall data demonstrates sufficient rainfall for a lake of comparable size, if not larger, as Mafadi receives considerably more rainfall than Letšeng‐la Letsie. Analysis of the SRTM 30‐m Digital Elevation Model and Topographic Position Index calculations demonstrate the feasibility of a shallow surface water feature at Mafadi. The conversion of this palaeolake into the contemporary wetland is hypothesized to be the result of post‐industrial warming, possibly augmented by migration of livestock into the Eastern Lesotho Highlands.

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An extended last glacial maximum in the Southern Hemisphere: A contribution to the SHeMax project

Cited by 17 publications

References 504 publications

Anthropic cut marks in extinct megafauna bones from the Pampean region (Argentina) at the last glacial maximum

Anthropic cut marks in extinct megafauna bones from the Pampean region (Argentina) at the last glacial maximum

Last Glacial Maximum climate and atmospheric circulation over the Australian region from climate models

Diatomite evidence for a small palaeo mountain lake at 3400 m asl, Lesotho, southern Africa

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