“…Understanding characteristics of pedestrian movement and behavior is important to ensure crowd safety. Up to now, many typical phenomena have been revealed, e.g., 'faster-is-slower effect' [1,2], human waves [3,4], information transmission [5,6], exit selection behavior [7][8][9], following behavior [10,11], self-organization [12,13], lane formation [14,15], crossing behavior [16] and group behavior [17][18][19]. These interesting results have encouraged researchers to further investigate pedestrian walking dynamics which seems to be simple but flexible.…”