An extensible approach for taming the challenges of JavaScript dead code elimination

Obbink, Niels Groot; Malavolta, Ivano; Scoccia, Gian Luca; Lago, Patricia

doi:10.1109/saner.2018.8330226

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The use of such libraries is a common practice among web developers to speed up the development process, with libraries such as jQuery appearing in 83% of mobile pages worldwide ( 32 ). The identification of dead code is challenging for several technical reasons stemming from the dynamic nature of the JavaScript programming language; see the works by Chugh et al ( 33 ) and Obbink et al ( 34 ) for more details. Muzeel utilizes a novel, interaction bot that emulates how a user may interact with the page.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our findings call for attention from researchers and policymakers alike to mitigate disparity and adhere to the net neutrality principle across the globe. More broadly, Internet connectivity has arguably become a basic human right in the twenty-first century, and the emerging literature on reducing web complexity ( 34 , 39 , 44 , 45 , 54 , 57 – 63 ) constitutes a promising step toward realizing the United Nation’s vision “to ensure that digital technologies are built on a foundation of respect for human rights and provide a meaningful opportunity for all people and nations” ( 16 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards a World Wide Web without digital inequality

Chaqfeh

Asim

AlShebli³

et al. 2023

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The World Wide Web (WWW) empowers people in developing regions by eradicating illiteracy, supporting women, and generating economic opportunities. However, their reliance on limited bandwidth and low-end phones leaves them with a poorer browsing experience compared to privileged users across the digital divide. To evaluate the extent of this phenomenon, we sent participants to 56 cities to measure the cost of mobile data and the average page load time. We found the cost to be orders of magnitude greater, and the average page load time to be four times slower, in some locations compared to others. Analyzing how popular webpages have changed over the past years suggests that they are increasingly designed with high processing power in mind, effectively leaving the less fortunate users behind. Addressing this digital inequality through new infrastructure takes years to complete and billions of dollars to finance. A more practical solution is to make the webpages more accessible by reducing their size and optimizing their load time. To this end, we developed a solution called Lite-Web and evaluated it in the Gilgit-Baltistan province of Pakistan, demonstrating that it transforms the browsing experience of a Pakistani villager using a low-end phone to almost that of a Dubai resident using a flagship phone. A user study in two high schools in Pakistan confirms that the performance gains come at no expense to the pages’ look and functionality. These findings suggest that deploying Lite-Web at scale would constitute a major step toward a WWW without digital inequality.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a World Wide Web without digital inequality

Chaqfeh

Asim

AlShebli³

et al. 2023

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Kuenzer et al [144] propose a new Unikraft tool to assist in the design and development of Unikernels by developing a micro-library based OS. Unikraft provides: i) a single address space, ii) a fully modular design, iii) a single protection level, iv) support for static linking using Dead Code Elimination (DCE) [190], [191] and Link Time Optimization (LTO) [192], [193] to eliminate unnecessary kernel components, v) support for Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) APIs [194] for portability of applications, and vi) platform abstraction to support a multitude of hypervisors. NFs applications that require flow-specific designs to enforce fine-grained QoS can be implemented as Unikernels with the support of Unikraft.…”

Section: A Abstraction Approach 1) Operating Systems A: Unikraftmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operating Systems and Hypervisors for Network Functions: A Survey of Enabling Technologies and Research Studies

et al. 2022

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Scalable and flexible communication networks increasingly conduct the packet processing for Network Functions (NFs) in General Purpose Computing (GPC) platforms. The input/output (I/O)-intensive and latency-sensitive packet processing is challenging for the operating systems and hypervisors running on GPC platforms. This article surveys the existing enabling technologies and research studies on operating system and hypervisor aspects that directly influence the packet processing for NFs on GPC platforms. We organize this survey according to the main categories abstraction approach, memory access, and I/O strategy. We further categorize abstraction approach technologies and research studies into the categories operation systems, hypervisors, and containers. We partition the memory access category into the two subcategories of memory allocation and memory access, while we partition the I/O strategy category into the sub-categories I/O device virtualization and I/O device access. Our survey gives a comprehensive summary of the capabilities and limitations of the existing enabling technologies and researched approaches for abstraction, memory access, and I/O for NF packet processing. We outline critical future research directions for advancing NF packet processing on GPC platforms.

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“…Ying and Miller [25] leverage static analysis techniques for refactoring AJAX applications to shift from the XML to the JSON data format, in order to improve the runtime performance. Furthermore, static and dynamic analysis techniques are proposed towards automating dead code elimination in JavaScript applications [26,27]. Feldthaus et al [28,29] improve modularity through providing a framework for specifying generic refactorings based on pointer analysis.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated Refactoring of Legacy JavaScript Code to ES6 Modules

Paltoglou,

Zafeiris,

Diamantidis

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The JavaScript language did not specify, until ECMAScript 6 (ES6), native features for streamlining encapsulation and modularity. Developer community filled the gap with a proliferation of design patterns and module formats, with impact on code reusability, portability and complexity of build configurations. This work studies the automated refactoring of legacy ES5 code to ES6 modules with fine-grained reuse of module contents through the named import/export language constructs. The focus is on reducing the coupling of refactored modules through destructuring exported module objects to fine-grained module features and enhancing module dependencies by leveraging the ES6 syntax. We employ static analysis to construct a model of a JavaScript project, the Module Dependence Graph (MDG), that represents modules and their dependencies. On the basis of MDG we specify the refactoring procedure for module migration to ES6. A prototype implementation has been empirically evaluated on 19 open source projects. Results highlight the relevance of the refactoring with a developer intent for fine-grained reuse. The analysis of refactored code shows an increase in the number of reusable elements per project and reduction in the coupling of refactored modules. The soundness of the refactoring is empirically validated through code inspection and execution of projects' test suites.

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An extensible approach for taming the challenges of JavaScript dead code elimination

Abstract: JavaScript is becoming the de-facto programming language of the Web. Large-scale web applications (web apps) written in Javascript are commonplace nowadays, with big technology players (e.g.

Cited by 23 publications

References 25 publications

Towards a World Wide Web without digital inequality

Towards a World Wide Web without digital inequality

Operating Systems and Hypervisors for Network Functions: A Survey of Enabling Technologies and Research Studies

Automated Refactoring of Legacy JavaScript Code to ES6 Modules

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