“…Multiple criteria approaches to portfolio selection and related approaches (from year 2000) are as follows: (i) portfolio choice with fuzzy information (Arenas et al , ; Pérez‐Gladish et al , ); (ii) approximating the optimum portfolio on the mean–variance efficient frontier by linkages between utility theory and compromise programming (Ballestero and Pla‐Santamaria, , , ); (iii) extending the classical (risk–return) approach to other different criteria (Steuer et al , ); (iv) novel approaches from multi‐objective programming (Steuer et al , ); (v) constructing equity mutual funds portfolios by goal programming (Pendaraki et al , ); (vi) mean–semivariance efficient frontier (Ballestero, ); (vii) hybrid models, neural networks and algorithms (Huang et al , ; Ong et al , ; Lin et al , ); (viii) satisfaction functions are proposed to integrate the decision maker's preferences into GP models under uncertainty (Aouni et al , ); (ix) fuzzy techniques are useful when probability distributions are unknown (Ben Abdelaziz and Masri, ); and (x) portfolio selection based on Sharpe's beta is developed with and without fuzzy techniques in the studies by Bilbao et al () and Ballestero et al ().…”