An Extension of the T-Method of Multiple Comparison to Include the Cases with Unequal Sample Sizes

Spjøtvoll, Emil; Stoline, Michael R.

doi:10.1080/01621459.1973.10481458

Cited by 155 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Spjotvoll-Stoline post hoc tests 27 were performed to test the statistical significance of the differences among the mean scores of two or more groups. Blood pressure variables were adjusted for BMI, WHR, insulin and cortisol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorphism in exon 6 of the dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2) is associated with elevated blood pressure and personality disorders in men

et al. 2001

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A deficient dopamine D 2 receptor (DA2) formation or action may contribute to hypertension via an increase of catecholamine release. In addition, Axis II personality disorders that appears odd or eccentric (cluster A) is associated with a low density of DA2. This study sought to examine if a NcoI restriction fragment length polymorphism (C to T transition) in exon 6 of the dopamine D 2 receptor gene (DRD2) was associated with these characteristics. The genotypes (CC, CT and TT) were compared in anthropometric, endocrine, metabolic and haemodynamic variables as well as estimates of personality disorders in 284 randomly selected 51-year-old men. Homozygotes for the C allele constituted 49% of the men and homozygotes for the T allele 9%, while heterozygotes were 41%. The TT genotype was associated with elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorphism in exon 6 of the dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2) is associated with elevated blood pressure and personality disorders in men

et al. 2001

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“…The RLC parameters of day 26 were used for this as it was felt that the phytoplankton bloom might have interfered with the photosynthesis data collected on day 32. Differences in RLC parameters between HL plants and plants from the field sites were tested for significance using a one-way ANOVA, followed by a Tukey honest significant difference test for unequal sample sizes (Spjøtvoll and Stoline, 1973). Data were tested for heteroscedasticity with Bartlett's test for homogeneity (Sokal and Rohlf, 1995).…”

Section: Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of <i>Cymodocea nodosa</i> (Ucria) Ascherson photosynthesis after a four-month dark period

Malta¹,

Brun²,

Vergara³

et al. 2006

Sci. Mar.

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SUMMARY: Cymodocea nodosa plants were dark incubated for four months. The potential of reactivating photosynthesis was tested in an experiment in which half of the plants were reilluminated (HL) while the other half were grown under very low irradiance levels (LL). Photosynthesis was measured using PAM fluorescence and tissue nutrient and carbohydrate contents were analysed. Photosynthetic efficiency (F v /F m ) in HL plants increased from 0 to 0.58, whereas LL plants remained inactive. Photosynthetic parameters also increased, resulting in a final I k of 97.5 µmol m -2 s -1. Leaf shedding led to a negative mean RGR in HL plants. Tissue C and N dropped considerably during dark incubation in both rhizomes and shoots. Starch content was nearly equal for rhizomes and shoots (4.3 mg /g DW) and was not affected by dark incubation. In contrast, sucrose content dropped from 40.0 mg /g DW to zero in shoots and from 240 to 40.0 mg /g DW in rhizomes in HL plants. We conclude that C. nodosa is capable of recovering photosynthetic activity after four months darkness, which is considerably longer than the 80 d recorded so far for a seagrass. Stored carbohydrates, more specifically sucrose, play an important role in both survival and reactivation.Keywords: Cymodocea nodosa, chlorophyll fluorescence, light, carbohydrates, survival. RESUMEN: RECUPERACIÓN FOTOSINTÉTICA DE CYMODOCEA NODOSA (UCRIA) ASCHERSON DESPUÉS UN PERIODO DE CUATRO MESES EN OSCURIDAD. -La capacidad de recuperación de la fotosíntesis se ha investigado en la fanerógama marina Cymodocea nodosa. Para ello, se diseñó un experimento en el que la mitad de las plantas se cultivaron en condiciones de luz saturante (HL) y la otra mitad en condiciones de luz muy baja (LL), tras un precultivo de 4 meses en oscuridad. Se examinó la actividad fotosintética mediante la señal de fluorescencia del PAM y se determinó el contenido interno en nutrientes y de hidratos de carbono. La eficacia fotosintética (F v /F m ) se incrementó desde 0 hasta 0,58 en las plantas de HL, mientras las plantas de LL permanecieron fotosintéticamente inactivas. Los parámetros fotosintéticos también se incrementaron, obteniéndose valores finales para I k de 97,5 µmol fotones m -2 s -1 . Las plantas de HL mostraron valores medios negativos de la tasa de crecimiento relativo, atribuible al desprendimiento de hojas. El contenido interno de carbono y nitrógeno disminuyó considerablemente durante el periodo de oscuridad tanto en la biomasa epigea como hipogea. El contenido interno en almidón permaneció constante en ambos tejidos (4,3 mg /g DW), no estando afectado por el periodo de oscuridad. El contenido interno de sacarosa mostró un patrón opuesto, disminuyendo desde 40 mg /g DW a valores cercanos a cero en haces, y en rizomas desde 240 a 40 mg /g DW, en plantas de HL. En conclusión, C. nodosa recuperó la actividad fotosintética tras 4 meses en oscuridad, un periodo considerablemente mayor al registrado anteriormente para otras especies de fanerógamas (80 días). Los carbohidratos de reserva, y más concre...

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“…For statistical analyses, sternal and mid-dorsal blubber thicknesses of KBS, ESB, and EDN carcasses of immature seals were compared using a one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's pairwise comparisons and a family-error rate of 0.05 (Spjotvoll and Stoline, 1973). Standard lengths and axillary girths of ESB and EDN carcasses were compared using a two-sample t-test at a 0.05 level of significance.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Status of Harp Seals (Phoca Groenlandica) and Hooded Seals (Cystophora Cristata) on Sable Island, Nova Scotia, Canada, Concurrent With Their Expanding Range

Lucas¹,

Daoust

Conboy

et al. 2003

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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Beach surveys for harp (Phoca groenlandica) and hooded (Cystophora cristata) seals documented a dramatic increase in their numbers on Sable Island in mid 1990s. In the 1980s, no more than five animals of both species were observed on this island each year, however, during late 1994 to 1998, 1,191 harp and 870 hooded seals, mostly young animals, were recorded. Although some of these seals had been killed by sharks, most (roughly 75%) were found alive or as intact carcasses on the beach, and some of the live seals were later found dead. Emaciation/ starvation was considered the primary cause of death in seals that were not obviously killed by sharks. Factors that may have compounded this poor body condition included gastric impaction with abnormal ingesta, hemorrhagic diathesis possibly induced by parasitic migration and secondary vasculitis, and stomatitis (in hooded seals only). Some harp and hooded seals expanding their range in recent years may be unable to feed successfully, although the reasons for this are unclear.

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An Extension of the T-Method of Multiple Comparison to Include the Cases with Unequal Sample Sizes

Cited by 155 publications

References 2 publications

Polymorphism in exon 6 of the dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2) is associated with elevated blood pressure and personality disorders in men

Polymorphism in exon 6 of the dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2) is associated with elevated blood pressure and personality disorders in men

Recovery of <i>Cymodocea nodosa</i> (Ucria) Ascherson photosynthesis after a four-month dark period

Health Status of Harp Seals (Phoca Groenlandica) and Hooded Seals (Cystophora Cristata) on Sable Island, Nova Scotia, Canada, Concurrent With Their Expanding Range

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