An extensive laboratory investigation of the use of bio-oil modified bitumen in road construction

Guarin, Alvaro; Khan, Abdullah; Butt, Ali Azhar; Birgisson, Björn; Kringos, Nicole

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.009

Cited by 64 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Two types of asphalt mixtures were tested: a reference AC with 30% RAP with 35/50 bitumen and AC with 30% RAP, 35/50 bitumen, and 2.5% bio-agent (bio-agent content was determined based on the bitumen testing as explained later in this paper). Figure 1 presents an aggregate blend gradation curve, while basic properties of asphalt concrete are shown in Table 1 4.6%. The bio-agent application resulted in better mixture compaction (3.2% air voids).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal and Fatigue Evaluation of Asphalt Mixtures Containing RAP Treated with a Bio-Agent

et al. 2017

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Environment conservation and diminishing natural resources caused an increase in popularity of the application of renewable bio-origin resources for the construction of road pavement. Currently, there are known additions of bio-origin materials for bitumen modification. Such material is also used as a flux additive for bitumen or as a rejuvenator once working with reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). This paper presents research dealing with asphalt mixtures with RAP modified with a bio-agent of rapeseed origin. The main idea of the conducted research was to apply more RAP content directly to the batch mix plant without extra RAP heating. The RAP used in this study was milled from a base asphalt layer; the addition of RAP stiffens new asphalt mixtures. A bio-agent, due to its fluxing action, was used to support the asphalt mixing process and to decrease the over-stiffening of the mixture caused by RAP addition. This research includes bitumen and mixture tests. For the bitumen study, three different bitumens (35/50, 50/70, and 70/100) were tested in a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) for complex modulus G* and for phase angle |δ| in the temperature range 0-100 • C. The reference mixture and mixtures with 2.5% bio-agent were tested to assess the influence of RAP and the bio-agent addition on the asphalt mixture properties. Low temperature behavior (TSRST), stiffness, and fatigue resistance (4PB) were tested. Based on the bitumen test, it was determined that even a low rate of bio-agent (2.5%) beneficially changes bitumen properties at a low temperature; moreover, polymerization processes occurring in the second stage of the process improves bitumen properties at a high operational temperature. The research with these asphalt mixtures demonstrates that the bio-origin flux acts as a rejuvenator and allows for an application of 30% cold RAP. Thermal cracking resistance of the mixture with RAP and 2.5% bio-agent improved. The bio-agent removes unfavorable stiffening of RAP and increases the fatigue resistance of the asphalt mixture.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main reason for recycling milled asphalt mixtures is the decreased need for new material (aggregate and bitumen) in the production of new asphalt mixtures. It should be highlighted that reused bitumen serves as a fully functional, albeit aged, bitumen [1][2][3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and Fatigue Evaluation of Asphalt Mixtures Containing RAP Treated with a Bio-Agent

et al. 2017

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“…In 2006, the Icelandic Road Administration started to promote and use bio-oils such as fatty acid methyl ester from rapeseed oil and ethyl ester from fish oil for binder modification in road surface dressing. The main problems have resulted from a lack of standards/guidelines for the bio-oil modification of bitumen, which can be addressed [50].…”

Section: Substituting Fossil Fuel Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exergy Replacement Cost of Fossil Fuels: Closing the Carbon Cycle

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The Exergy Replacement Cost (ERC) is an indicator that is used to ascertain the sustainability of non-renewable resource depletion. Specifically, it measures the amount of exergy society would have to expend if it were forced to re-capture and re-concentrate dispersed minerals back into a manmade usable deposit. Due to an assumption regarding the non-substitutability of fossil fuels, the original method failed to properly account for them. In fact, it sub-estimated their exergy replacement cost forty-seven-fold, on average, when considering solar radiation to fuel, and by approximately fivefold when going from crop to fuel. This new method, via the cumulative exergy consumption (CExC), calculates the exergy replacement cost of photosynthesis and bio-energy production, as together they form the best available technology when it comes to closing the carbon cycle. This approach ties together the "cradle to grave" to the "grave to cradle", standardises the ERC calculations and enables comparisons between fuel and non-fuel mineral consumption. It also opens a discussion as to the role of the ERC in sustainability debates and whether resource depletion should be a matter of geological patrimony or material/energy services.

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“…Fluxed asphalts are used in the technology of asphalt mixtures for the production of cold-mixed asphalt and for the repair and maintenance of pavements [ 1 ], or they can be used as asphalt substitutes or rejuvenators [ 2 , 3 ]. The experience of using rapeseed oils and animal-origin oils shows that it is possible to apply them to pavement repairs as bitumen fluxes, but bleeding and binder drain down in the pavement can potentially occur [ 4 ]. As the aforementioned implies, it is important to select the right amount of bio-oils for the bitumen and to investigate their properties in particular with regard to the climate in which this technology is used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is a convenient solution due to the good mixability of vegetable oils with bitumen, a homogeneous product with reduced stiffness is obtained. Especially in the works [ 4 , 13 , 16 , 17 ] there are indications of restrictions in too high a content of these fluxes due to the potential problem of pavement properties destruction in a form of a permanent deformation. The problem of too high liquefaction of the bitumen binder can be reduced by polymerizing oils in the bitumen binder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Understanding the Polymerization Process in Bitumen Bio-Fluxes

2017

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Bitumen is a commonly used material for road construction. According to environmental regulations, vegetable-based materials are applied for binder modification. Fluxed road bitumen containing a bio-flux oxidation product increases the consistency over time. The efficiency of crosslinking depends on the number of double bonds and their position in the aliphatic chain of fatty acid. The main goal of this paper was to examine the structural changes taking place during hardening bitumen with bio-flux additives. Two types of road bitumens fluxed with two different oxidized methyl esters of rapeseed oil were used in this study. Various chemical and rheological tests were applied for the fluxed-bitumen at different stages of oxygen exposure. The oxidation of rapeseed oil methyl ester reduced the iodine amount by about 10%-30%. Hardening of the fluxed bitumen generally results in an increase of the resins content and a reduction of the aromatics and asphaltenes. In the temperature range of 0 • C to 40 • C, bio-flux results with a much higher increase in the phase angle than in temperatures above 40 • C in the bitumen binder. The increase in the proportion of the viscous component in the low and medium binder temperature is favorable due to the potential improvement of the fatigue resistance of the asphalt mixture with such binders.

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An extensive laboratory investigation of the use of bio-oil modified bitumen in road construction

Cited by 64 publications

References 14 publications

Thermal and Fatigue Evaluation of Asphalt Mixtures Containing RAP Treated with a Bio-Agent

Thermal and Fatigue Evaluation of Asphalt Mixtures Containing RAP Treated with a Bio-Agent

Exergy Replacement Cost of Fossil Fuels: Closing the Carbon Cycle

Towards Understanding the Polymerization Process in Bitumen Bio-Fluxes

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