An extraction-derivatization method suitable for the analysis of biogenic amines by gas chromatography negative ion mass spectrometry

Midgley, John M.; Maclachlan, John T.; Watson, David

doi:10.1002/bms.1200151005

Cited by 16 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 21 publications

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“…Relative (in comparison to their performance in other domains) and in some cases absolute (in comparison to the general population) strengths in autistic people have been reported over the last two decades. More than half of autistic individuals present at least one of these strengths (46% had at least one parent-reported talent and 23% at least one personal strength [18]; 62.5% had isolated skills and 58% had perceptual peaks [19]). The frequency of autistic strengths largely surpasses the more visible phenomenon of autistic "savants".…”

Section: The Nature and Level Of Differences In Language Ability Among Humankindmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Prototypical Autism, the Genetic Ability to Learn Language Is Triggered by Structured Information, Not Only by Exposure to Oral Language

Mottron

Ostrolenk

Gagnon

2021

Genes

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What does the way that autistic individuals bypass, learn, and eventually master language tell us about humans’ genetically encoded linguistic ability? In this theoretical review, we argue that autistic non-social acquisition of language and autistic savant abilities provide a strong argument for an innate, human-specific orientation towards (and mastery of) complex embedded structures. Autistic non-social language learning may represent a widening of the material processed during development beyond oral language. The structure detection and manipulation and generative production of non-linguistic embedded and chained material (savant abilities in calendar calculation, musical composition, musical interpretation, and three-dimensional drawing) may thus represent an application of such innate mechanisms to non-standard materials. Typical language learning through exposure to the child’s mother tongue may represent but one of many possible achievements of the same capacity. The deviation from typical language development in autism may ultimately allow access to oral language, sometimes in its most elaborate forms, and also explain the possibility of the absence of its development when applied exclusively to non-linguistic structured material. Such an extension of human capacities beyond or in parallel to their usual limits call into question what we consider to be specific or expected in humans and therefore does not necessarily represent a genetic “error”. Regardless of the adaptive success or failure of non-social language learning, it is the duty of science and ethical principles to strive to maintain autism as a human potentiality to further foster our vision of a plural society.

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Section: The Nature and Level Of Differences In Language Ability Among Humankindmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Prototypical Autism, the Genetic Ability to Learn Language Is Triggered by Structured Information, Not Only by Exposure to Oral Language

Mottron

Ostrolenk

Gagnon

2021

Genes

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The use of pentafluorobenzyloxime-trimethylsilyl derivatives in the analysis of corticosteroids by gas chromatography/negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry

Midgley¹,

Watson²,

Healey³

et al. 1989

Biol. Mass Spectrom.

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An evaluation of the negative ion mass spectra of electron-capturing derivatives of the biogenic trace amines I—phenylethylamine

Durden¹

1991

Biol. Mass Spectrom.

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A series of fluorinated derivatives have been examined for their suitability of use for quantification of biogenic trace amiaes, in particular phenylethylamine, in biological samples at the picogram (femtomolar) level using aegotive ion ma= spectrometry. The negative ion mass spectra of the pentafluoropropionyl, heptafluorobutyryi, perfluorasuccinimido, pentafluorobemyl and pentafluorobemoyl derivatives of phenylethyhmine are characterized by intense high-mass fragment ion peaks due to loss of HF, whereas the spectra of the 3-trifluoromethylbemoyl, Qtrifluorometbylbenzoyl and 3,5-di-trifluoromethylben~yl derivatives exhibited fragment ions due to loss of H or 2H and the pentafluorobemoyl derivative did not form a detectable molecular ion. After acetylating the fluorobenzoyi derivatives of phenylethylamine, the spectra of the resultant amides were found to contain primarily molecular ions, and the electron capture cross-sections and negative ion sensitivities increased. The most suitable derivatives were fouud to be the N-acetyl-N-pentafluorobenzoyl, which could be detected at the 75 fg (0.5 attomolar) level of phenylethylamine and the N-acetyl-N-3,!5di-(trifluoromethy1)beayl derivative.

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An extraction-derivatization method suitable for the analysis of biogenic amines by gas chromatography negative ion mass spectrometry

Cited by 16 publications

References 21 publications

In Prototypical Autism, the Genetic Ability to Learn Language Is Triggered by Structured Information, Not Only by Exposure to Oral Language

In Prototypical Autism, the Genetic Ability to Learn Language Is Triggered by Structured Information, Not Only by Exposure to Oral Language

The use of pentafluorobenzyloxime-trimethylsilyl derivatives in the analysis of corticosteroids by gas chromatography/negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry

An evaluation of the negative ion mass spectra of electron-capturing derivatives of the biogenic trace amines I—phenylethylamine

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