Background: Extrarenal malignant rhabdoid tumor (MERT) is a
rare and highly metastatic tumor, which is more than 75% of patients
dying within 6 months of initial diagnosis of MERT. Due to its rarity in
clinical practice, there is no expert consensus or guidelines for the
diagnosis, and it often leads to misdiagnosis and delayed treatment.
Case: This paper reports a 16-year-old girl who presented with
the chief complaint of acute abdominal pain. She underwent laparoscopic
exploration and excisional biopsy, then pathological examination and
immunohistochemistry revealed “extrarenal malignant rhabdomyoma”. One
month after operation, she died of intra-abdominal hemorrhage and
multiple organ dysfunction. Conclusion: Reviewing the cases of
MERT admitted with acute abdomen reported in the last 10 years, it was
found that these patients had a poor prognosis. The surgery and
chemotherapy is usually beneficial to prolong the survival time of
patients with MERT.