“…To characterize and simulate the LVE behavior of HMA in the temperature and frequency domains, researchers have developed various rheological models, e.g., Huet-Sayegh model, 2S2P1D model [6,7,20], Generalized Maxwell (GM) model [21], Generalized Kelvin (GK) model, Christensen-Anderson (CA) model, Sigmoidal model [22,23], Modified Christensen-Anderson-Marasteanu (CAM) model, Havriliak-Negami (HN) model [24], and machine learning models [25][26][27]. These models can be classified into three categories: physical models, mathematical shape functions, and machine learning models.…”