An Fe-Berthierine From A Cretaceous Laterite: Part I. Characterization

Toth, Thomas; Fritz, Steven J.

doi:10.1346/ccmn.1997.0450408

Cited by 50 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…Most prob a bly it forms very early in diagenesis (Hornibrook and Longstaffe, 1996), by re ac tion of kaolinite and Fe-ox ides (Shel don and Retallack, 2002), as part of a lateritic weath er ing pro file de vel oped on a broad, low-re lief pe ne plain par tic u larly in a swampy en vi ron ment (Toth and Fritz, 1997). Pri mary crys tal liza tion of berthierine de mands a sup ply rich in iron, readily sol uble vol ca nic rock ma te rial and a high or ganic mat ter con tent (Hornibrook and Longstaffe, 1996); how ever, low lev els of sulfide and bi car bon ate are also re quired (Toth and Fritz, 1997;Shel don and Retallack, 2002). Oth er wise, the for ma tion of pyrite and sid er ite is fa voured, re spec tively.…”

Section: General Palaeoenvironmental and Palaeoclimatic Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic disaster at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary - a clay minerals and major elements record from the Polish Basin

Brański

2014

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1 Pol ish Geo log i cal In sti tute -Na tional Re search In sti tute, Rakowiecka 4, 00-975 Warszawa, Po land Brañski, P., 2014. Cli ma tic di sas ter at the Tri as sic-Ju ras sic bound ary -a clay min er als and ma jor el e ments re cord from the Pol ish Ba sin. Geo log i cal Quar terly, 58 (2): 291-310, doi: 10.7306/gq.1161The Tri as sic-Ju ras sic bound ary in ter val (ca. 201 Ma) was a time of sud den global en vi ron men tal changes trig gered by Pangea breakup and Cen tral At lan tic Mag matic Prov ince de vel op ment. The bulk-rock min er al ogy, clay min er al ogy and major el e ment geo chem is try of 87 con ti nen tal mudrock sam ples col lected from four bore hole cores yield in for ma tion on Rhaetian-ear li est Hettangian palaeoclimatic changes in the Pol ish Ba sin. Dur ing the Rhaetian, smectite pre pon der ance was re placed by kaolinite and illite dom i na tion. This fun da men tal shift in clay min eral as sem blages (sup ported by ma jor el ement data) in di cates very sig nif i cant change in cli mate hu mid ity. More over, some beds in the Zagaje For ma tion (Up per Rhaetian-Lower Hettangian) are par tic u larly rich in kaolinite in di cat ing ex treme chem i cal weath er ing in hu mid-sub trop i cal to trop i cal cli mate ep i sodes in the af ter math of pow er ful warm ing and abun dant rain fall. Im por tantly, the first dis tinct kaolinite en rich ment ap pears al ready in the Lower Rhaetian Wielichowo Beds. In ad di tion, abrupt and ep i sodic shifts in the kaolinite-illite ra tio and in val ues of weath er ing in di ces point to pro found cli mate de sta bi li sa tion and a se quence of fre quent, cat a strophic cli ma tic re ver sals in the Late Rhaetian and at the Tri as sic-Ju ras sic bound ary. These re sults are gen er ally consis tent with car bon iso tope re cords in sec tions world wide.Key words: Tri as sic-Ju ras sic bound ary, clay min er als, ma jor el e ments, weath er ing re gime, palaeoclimatic shifts, Pol ish Ba sin.

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Section: General Palaeoenvironmental and Palaeoclimatic Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic disaster at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary - a clay minerals and major elements record from the Polish Basin

Brański

2014

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“…Plotting onto the diagram in Figure 4d all chemical analyses known to the authors of berthierine published in the literature, except those concerning exotic varieties such as titanian berthierine (Arima et al, 1985) and zincian berthierine Slack et al, 1992), the microcrystalline variety from the Kremikovtsi SIF can be defined as rich in Mg or Mgberthierine (of Fe-berthierine reported by Toth and Fritz, 1997). The compositional field of all known berthierines is considerably larger than that given by Cur- A part of the so-called vug-filling chamosite that is not associated with the barite-sulfide assemblage resembles intergranular fillings characteristic of microcrystalline berthierine, implying that it was a transformation product after berthierine during progressive diagenesis.…”

Section: Berthierinementioning

confidence: 99%

Authigenic Phyllosilicates in the Middle Triassic Kremikovtsi Sedimentary Exhalative Siderite Iron Formation, Western Balkan, Bulgaria

Damyanov

Vassileva

2001

Clays and clay miner.

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Abstract--Two distinct assemblages of authigenic phyllosilicates were distinguished in the K.remikovtsi sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) siderite iron formation (SIF) and noted as important tracers of two styles of mineralization characteristic of this type of ore deposit. Hydrothermal-sedimentary layer silicates are represented by rare occurrences of relict microcrystalline Mg-rich berthierine with a relatively low degree of structural ordering, associated closely with framboidal pyrite as an intergranular matrix cementing sparry siderite grains; the larger silicates are also represented by the diagenetic transformation product of berthierine, chamosite. Berthierine precipitated under anoxic conditions during advanced early diagenesis after chert deposition. Hydrothermal-epigenetic phyllosilicates (berthierine, chamosite, illite-smectite (I-S), and kaolinite) from the barite-sulfide assemblage are characterized by: crystalline and undeformed habits; relatively larger particle size, low-temperature polytypes, low to no mixed layering, and a high degree of crystallinity; absence of impurities and dominant monomineralic aggregates; affiliation to initial open spaces and deposition mainly as rug fillings and linings. They formed under pronounced control by the vuggy porosity of the siderite host caused by the invasion of acid (pH = 3-5), hot (200-230~ hydrothermal fluids probably at the stage of burial diagenesis of the SIF under relatively stable reducing conditions fluctuating near the sulfide/sulfate stability boundary (logPo2 ~ -30). The greater AI concentration in hydrothermal solution than in seawater determines the affiliation of phyllosilicates in the Phanerozoic SEDEX SIFs to aluminous species (berthierine, chamosite) unlike low to non aluminous ones (greenalite, stilpnomelane) in the Precambrian IFs. The berthierine compositions, expressed by the Mg/Fe vs. A1/Si ratios, are a sensitive indicator of the geological conditions under which they formed (maline, non-marine, hydrothermal ore and pre-ore), thus allowing the genetic discrimination of this mineral from various localities.

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“…Some are SEDEX in origin (Damyanov and Vassileva, 2001;Xu and Veblen, 1996;Kimberley, 1989;Curtis andSpears, 1968 Wiewiora et al, 1998), other sulfide massive volcanogenic (Slack et al, 1992), metamorphic origin (Wybrecht et al, 1985), and associated to bauxite and laterite (White et al, 1985;Toth and Fritz, 1997). These minerals also occur in Northampton ironstone (Hirt and Gehring, 1991), in paleosol near Waterval Onder, South Africa (Retallack, 1986), in the oolitic ironstone beds, Hazara, Lesser Himalayan Copyright c The Society of Geomagnetism and Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences (SGEPSS); The Seismological Society of Japan; The Volcanological Society of Japan; The Geodetic Society of Japan; The Japanese Society for Planetary Sciences; TERRAPUB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Berthierine and chamosite hydrothermal: genetic guides in the Peña Colorada magnetite-bearing ore deposit, Mexico

et al. 2006

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We report the first finding of berthierine and chamosite in Mexico. They occur in the iron-ore deposit of Peña Colorada, Colima. Their genetic characteristics show two different mineralization events associated mainly to the magnetite ore. Berthierine is an Fe-rich and Mg-low 1:1 layer phyllosilicate of hydrothermal sedimentary origin. Its structure is 7Å, d hkl [1 0 0] basal spacing and low degree structural ordering. The phyllosilicate has been identified by a lack of 14Å basal reflection on X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. These data were supported by High Resolution Transmision Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) images that show thick packets of berthierine in well defined parallel plates. From the analysis of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), we found around [1 0 0] reflections of berhierine 7.12Å and corresponding angles of hexagonal crystalline structure. Berthierine has a microcrystalline structure, dark green color, and high refraction index (1.64 to 1.65). Birefringence is low, near 0.007 to null and it is associated to nanoparticles (<15 nm) and microparticles of magnetite (<25 μm), fine grain siderite, and organic matter. Its texture is intergranular-interstratified with colloform banding. The chamosite Mg-rich is of hydrothermal epigenetic origin affected by low-degree metamorphism. It is an Fe-rich 2:1 layer silicate, with basal space of 14Å, d hkl [0 0 1]. The chamosite occurs as lamellar in sizes ranging from 50 to 150 μm. It has intense green color and refraction index from 1.64 to 1.65. The birefringence is near 0.008, with biaxial (-) orientation and a 2V small. It is associated mainly to sericite, epidote, clay, feldspar, and magnetite. Chamosite is emplaced in open spaces filling and linings. Mössbauer spectra of berthierine and chamosite are similar. They show the typical spectra of paramagnetic substances, with two well defined unfoldings corresponding to the oxidation state of Fe +2 and Fe +3 . Chemical composition of both minerals was obtained by an electron probe X-ray micro-analyzer (EPMA). The radio Fe+Mg+Mn vs Si and Al show similar chemical compositions and different XRD patterns in the crystalline structure provoked by the environmental conditions of emplacement. A hydrothermal environment was predominant, occurring before, during, and after the magnetite mineralization. The identification of magnetite nanoparticles supports the hypothesis of a marine environment, specifically exhalative sedimentary (SEDEX) for the berthierine.

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An Fe-Berthierine From A Cretaceous Laterite: Part I. Characterization

Cited by 50 publications

References 41 publications

Climatic disaster at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary - a clay minerals and major elements record from the Polish Basin

Climatic disaster at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary - a clay minerals and major elements record from the Polish Basin

Authigenic Phyllosilicates in the Middle Triassic Kremikovtsi Sedimentary Exhalative Siderite Iron Formation, Western Balkan, Bulgaria

Berthierine and chamosite hydrothermal: genetic guides in the Peña Colorada magnetite-bearing ore deposit, Mexico

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