An fMRI Stroop Task Study of Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortical Function in Pathological Gamblers

Potenza, Marc N.; Leung, Hoi‐Chung; Blumberg, Hilary P.; Peterson, Bradley S.; Fulbright, Robert K.; Lacadie, Cheryl; Skudlarski, Pawel; Gore, John C.

doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.11.1990

Cited by 362 publications

(218 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Conversely, some studies with PG have reported hypoactivations in vmPFC during gambling urges (eg, Potenza et al, 2003b, but cf, Goudriaan et al, 2010. Reduced activity in this region has also been reported in PG during cognitive control and monetary tasks (Balodis et al, 2012a;Potenza et al, 2003a). Across video types and diagnostic groups, women as compared with men exhibited greater activity in the Figure 3 Diagnostic group × video type interaction.…”

Section: Imaging Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Brain Activity During Cocaine Craving and Gambling Urges: An fMRI Study

Kober

Lacadie

Wexler

et al. 2015

Neuropsychopharmacol

149

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Although craving states are important to both cocaine dependence (CD) and pathological gambling (PG), few studies have directly investigated neurobiological similarities and differences in craving between these disorders. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess brain activity in 103 participants (30 CD, 28 PG, and 45 controls) while they watched videos depicting cocaine, gambling, and sad scenarios to investigate the neural correlates of craving. We observed a three-way urge type × video type × diagnostic group interaction in self-reported craving, with CD participants reporting strong cocaine cravings to cocaine videos, and PG participants reporting strong gambling urges to gambling videos. Neuroimaging data revealed a diagnostic group × video interaction in anterior cingulate cortex/ventromedial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), activating predominantly to cocaine videos in CD participants, and a more dorsal mPFC region that was most strongly activated for cocaine videos in CD participants, gambling videos in PG participants, and sad videos in control participants. Gender × diagnosis × video interactions identified dorsal mPFC and a region in posterior insula/caudate in which female but not male PG participants showed increased responses to gambling videos. Findings illustrate both similarities and differences in the neural correlates of drug cravings and gambling urges in CD and PG. Future studies should investigate diagnostic-and gender-specific therapies targeting the neural systems implicated in craving/urge states in addictions.

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Section: Imaging Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Brain Activity During Cocaine Craving and Gambling Urges: An fMRI Study

Kober

Lacadie

Wexler

et al. 2015

Neuropsychopharmacol

149

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Another putative link between PG and OCD is the propensity of individuals who have PG to engage in excessive, possibly harmful behavior that leads to significant impairment in social or occupational functioning and causes personal distress [7]. As in OCD, the compulsive behavior of PG-gambling-is often triggered by aversive or stressful stimuli [8]. Individuals who have PG often report that their urges to gamble are triggered by feelings of anxiety, sadness, or loneliness [9,10].…”

Section: Pathological Gamblingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compulsive Aspects of Impulse-Control Disorders

Grant

Potenza

2006

Psychiatric Clinics of North America

Self Cite

157

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“…This hypothesis is intimately allied with Eysenck's (42) original notion that extroverts are chronically underaroused, more easily bored, and tend to engage in more sensation-seeking behavior. Importantly, the OFC has high DA density and is activated during the administration of DA agonists (43) and sensation-seeking behaviors (44,45). Therefore, one conclusion is that the increased modulation of the OFC results in heightened reward during humor appreciation in extroverts.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality predicts activity in reward and emotional regions associated with humor

Mobbs

Hagan

Azim

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

127

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Previous research and theory suggest that two stable personality dimensions, extroversion and neuroticism, differentially influence emotional reactivity to a variety of pleasurable phenomena. Here, we use event-related functional MRI to address the putative neural and behavioral associations between humor appreciation and the personality dimensions of introversion-extroversion and emotional stability-neuroticism. Our analysis showed extroversion to positively correlate with humor-driven blood oxygenation leveldependent signal in discrete regions of the right orbital frontal cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and bilateral temporal cortices. Introversion correlated with increased activation in several regions, most prominently the bilateral amygdala. Although neuroticism did not positively correlate with any whole-brain activation, emotional stability (i.e., the inverse of neuroticism) correlated with increased activation in the mesocortical-mesolimbic reward circuitry encompassing the right orbital frontal cortex, caudate, and nucleus accumbens. Our findings tie together existing neurobiological studies of humor appreciation and are compatible with the notion that personality style plays a fundamental role in the neurobiological systems subserving humor appreciation.S ince Eysenck and Jung (1-3) described their pioneering and highly influential views of personality, it has been widely acknowledged that laughter and merriment are common characteristics of the extroverted individual. Both empirical and anecdotal observations point to extroverts as having a higher frequency of laughter, smiling, feelings of subjective well-being, and an increased propensity to tell jokes (4, 5). The opposite is thought to be true of neurotics, who are epitomized by decreased feelings of subjective well-being, expressive laughter, smiling, and increased negative emotionality (4,(6)(7)(8). Although these stable individual differences in personality are posited to be deeply rooted in the brain's functional (9-11) and structural architecture (12), little is known of how they are associated with the underlying neurobiological systems responsible for the emotive and hedonic regulation associated with humor appreciation.Historically, a considerable body of clinicopathological literature, most famously Harlow's (13-16) lucid depiction of Phineas Gage, point to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) as a pivotal player in the maintenance of personality. With the recent emergence of functional MRI (fMRI), coupled with well validated measures of personality (17), the neuroscience community has witnessed a rekindled interest in the neural systems mediated by personality (11). For example, two recent fMRI studies by Canli and colleagues (9, 10) showed that extroversion positively correlates with phasic blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) activity in the PFC and amygdala during the presentation of positively valanced faces, whereas neuroticism increases in association with middle temporal and frontal cortical activation during the presentation o...

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An fMRI Stroop Task Study of Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortical Function in Pathological Gamblers

Abstract: Pathological gamblers share many neural correlates of Stroop task performance with healthy subjects but differ in a brain region previously implicated in disorders characterized by poor impulse control.

Cited by 362 publications

References 24 publications

Brain Activity During Cocaine Craving and Gambling Urges: An fMRI Study

Brain Activity During Cocaine Craving and Gambling Urges: An fMRI Study

Compulsive Aspects of Impulse-Control Disorders

Personality predicts activity in reward and emotional regions associated with humor

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