An FPGA based track finder for the L1 trigger of the CMS experiment at the High Luminosity LHC

Aggleton, R.; Perez, L.E. Ardila; Ball, F.; Balzer, M.; Boudoul, G.; Brooke, J. J.; Caselle, M.; Calligaris, L.; Cieri, D.; Clément, E.; Dutta, S.; Hall, G.; Harder, K.; Hobson, P. R.; Iles, G.; James, T.; Manolopoulos, K.; Matsushita, T.; Morton, A.; Newbold, D. M.; Paramesvaran, S.; Pesaresi, M.; Pozzobon, N.; Reid, I. D.; Rose, A.; Sander, Oliver; Shepherd-Themistocleous, C. H.; Shtipliyski, A.; Schuh, T.; Skinnari, L.; Summers, S.; Tapper, A.; Thea, A.; Tomalin, I. R.; Uchida, K.; Vichoudis, P.; Viret, S.; Weber, M.

doi:10.1088/1748-0221/12/12/p12019

Cited by 39 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…An implementation of this algorithm has been developed in FPGA firmware, and validated in hardware. This implementation of the Hough transform searches of primary tracks in the r − φ plane, using the parameter φ 0 , and the free parameter q/p T [7,8]. Stub positions in r − φ space correspond to straight lines in Hough space.…”

Section: Track Finding Algorithms and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Level-1 track finding with an all-FPGA system at CMS for the HL-LHC

James¹

2019

Proceedings of the 39th International Conference on High Energy Physics — PoS(ICHEP2018)

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The CMS experiment at the LHC is designed to study a wide range of high energy physics phenomena. It employs a large all-silicon tracker within a 3.8 T magnetic solenoid, which in particular allows precise measurements of transverse momentum (p T ) and vertex position.This tracking detector will be upgraded to coincide with the installation of the High-Luminosity LHC, which will provide a luminosity up to about 7.5 × 10 34 cm −2 s −1 to CMS, or 200 collisions per 25 ns bunch crossing. This new tracker must maintain the nominal physics performance in this more challenging environment. Novel tracking modules that utilize closely spaced silicon sensors to discriminate on track p T have been developed that will allow the readout of only hits compatible with p T > 2 -3 GeV tracks to off-detector trigger electronics. This will allow the use of tracking information at the Level-1 trigger of the experiment, a requirement to keep the Level-1 triggering rate below the 750 kHz target, while maintaining physics sensitivity.This article presents a concept for an all FPGA based track finder using a time-multiplexed architecture. Hardware demonstrators have been assembled to prove the feasibility and capability of such a system. The performance for a variety of physics scenarios is discussed, as well as the proposed scaling of the demonstrators to the final system and new technologies.

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Section: Track Finding Algorithms and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Level-1 track finding with an all-FPGA system at CMS for the HL-LHC

James¹

2019

Proceedings of the 39th International Conference on High Energy Physics — PoS(ICHEP2018)

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“…An intriguing proposal consists on adopting a fully time multiplexed architecture based on FPGA processing cards, similar to the one currently employed in the Stage-2 L1 Calorimeter Trigger [4], in which each event or BX is processed by a single processing unit.…”

Section: The Time Multiplexed Track Triggermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DTCs from two neighbour detector octants timemultiplex and duplicate stubs across processing octant boundaries, before sending them to the TFPs. [4] • Geometric Processor (GP). It takes in input stubs form the DTCs and it converts them into a useful data format, to ease the load on the downstream stages.…”

Section: Pos(twepp-17)131mentioning

confidence: 99%

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An FPGA-based Track Finder for the L1 Trigger of the CMS Experiment at the HL-LHC

Cieri¹,

James²,

Shepherd-Themistocleous³

et al. 2018

Proceedings of Topical Workshop on Electronics for Particle Physics — PoS(TWEPP-17)

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A new tracking detector is under development for use by the CMS experiment at the HighLuminosity LHC (HL-LHC). A crucial component of this upgrade will be the ability to reconstruct within a few microseconds all charged particle tracks with transverse momentum above 3 GeV, so they can be used in the Level-1 trigger decision. A concept for an FPGA-based track finder using a fully time-multiplexed architecture is presented, where track candidates are reconstructed using a projective binning algorithm based on the Hough Transform followed by a track fitting based on the linear regression technique. A hardware demonstrator using MP7 processing boards has been assembled to prove the entire system, from the output of the tracker readout boards to the reconstruction of tracks with fitted helix parameters. It successfully operates on one eighth of the tracker solid angle at a time, processing events taken at 40 MHz, each with up to 200 superimposed proton-proton interactions, whilst satisfying latency constraints. The demonstrated track-reconstruction system, the chosen architecture, the achievements to date and future options for such a system will be discussed.

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“…It is capable of processing the data from one octant in φ, |η| < 2.4, and one out of every thirty-six 40 MHz events (equivalent to T = 36 events). More details on the demonstrator firmware can be found in [9]. The building blocks of the hardware demonstrator are the Master Processor 7 (MP7) [10], FPGA-based, data-stream processing double-width AMC cards, equipped with a Xilinx Virtex-7 690 [11] FPGA, and 72 optical transmitters/receivers running at 10 Gbps each way.…”

Section: Demonstrator Hardware and Softwarementioning

confidence: 99%

Track Finding for the Level-1 Trigger of the CMS Experiment

James

2018

Springer Proceedings in Physics

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A new tracking system is under development for the CMS experiment at the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), located at CERN. It includes a silicon tracker that will correlate clusters in two closely spaced sensor layers, for the rejection of hits from low transverse momentum tracks. This will allow tracker data to be read out to the Level-1 trigger at 40 MHz. The Level-1 track-finder must be able to identify tracks with transverse momentum above 2-3 GeV/c within latency constraints. A concept for an FPGA-based track finder using a fully time-multiplexed architecture is presented, where track candidates are identified using a Hough Transform, and then refined with a Kalman Filter. Both steps are fully implemented in FPGA firmware. A hardware system built from MP7 MicroTCA processing cards has been assembled, which demonstrates a realistic slice of the track finder in order to help gauge the performance and requirements for a final system. Abstract. A new tracking system is under development for the CMS experiment at the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), located at CERN. It includes a silicon tracker that will correlate clusters in two closely spaced sensor layers, for the rejection of hits from low transverse momentum tracks. This will allow tracker data to be read out to the Level-1 trigger at 40 MHz. The Level-1 track-finder must be able to identify tracks with transverse momentum above 2-3 GeV/c within latency constraints. A concept for an FPGA-based track finder using a fully time-multiplexed architecture is presented, where track candidates are identified using a Hough Transform, and then refined with a Kalman Filter. Both steps are fully implemented in FPGA firmware. A hardware system built from MP7 MicroTCA processing cards has been assembled, which demonstrates a realistic slice of the track finder in order to help gauge the performance and requirements for a final system.

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An FPGA based track finder for the L1 trigger of the CMS experiment at the High Luminosity LHC

Cited by 39 publications

References 13 publications

Level-1 track finding with an all-FPGA system at CMS for the HL-LHC

Level-1 track finding with an all-FPGA system at CMS for the HL-LHC

An FPGA-based Track Finder for the L1 Trigger of the CMS Experiment at the HL-LHC

Track Finding for the Level-1 Trigger of the CMS Experiment

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