An FT-Raman, FT-IR, and Quantum Chemical Investigation of Stanozolol and Oxandrolone

Lemma, Tibebe; Souza, Fabiano de Barros; Soto, Claudio A. Telléz; Martin, Aírton Abrahão

doi:10.3390/bios8010002

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The application of IR spectroscopy analysis as a preliminary analytical technique indicated the presence of the stated active ingredients for products 1 and 3. It also pointed to the presence of the active ingredient stanozolol in the unknown formulation of product 2 since this synthetic androgen had particular groups and distinct chemical transitions 25 . However, for the other samples, it was not possible to identify clear distinctions because testosterone and nandrolone esters as they differ only in the carbon length of their side chains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical approaches applied to the analysis of apprehended formulations of anabolic androgenic steroids

Berneira

Silva

Passos

et al. 2020

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) comprise a class of synthetic androgens resulting from chemical modifications of testosterone, known for their illicit consumption, which can result inextensive side effects. Extraction procedures applied to the analysis of their formulations are still limited to a few methodologies, despite the increasing numbers of confiscations of AASs. In this sense, the aims of this work were to evaluate the extraction of active ingredients from formulations of anabolic agents using solid‐liquid or liquid‐iquid, ultrasonic bath, ultrasonicprobe, and microwave‐assisted extraction. The results indicated that the extraction procedures influenced the detected concentration of AASs, as the use of ultrasonic probe and microwave irradiation increased the overall extraction of anabolic agents compared with solid‐liquid, liquid‐liquid, and ultrasonic bath. Regarding oxymetholone, for instance, the microwave‐assisted extraction and ultrasonic probe extracted, respectively, 37.46 ± 1.36 and 35.69 ± 0.98 mg/tablet, while solid‐liquid extracted 29.63 ± 0.40 mg/tablet of the activeingredient. Therefore, alternative methods such as microwave‐assisted extraction or theultrasonic probe could be used for the analysis of formulations of AASs assisting with the identification of illicit and toxic components.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical approaches applied to the analysis of apprehended formulations of anabolic androgenic steroids

Berneira

Silva

Passos

et al. 2020

Drug Testing and Analysis

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“…In addition, STZ also has a low water and salt retention (El Osta et al, 2016). The poor water solubility of STZ decreases its bioavailability, resulting in low efficacy, high inter-individual variability and, consequently, an unpredictable response (Lemma et al, 2017;Fasinu et al, 2011). To address these issues, herein, an innovative compound consisting of STZ conjugated with α-methoxy-ω-amino PEG having a nominal molecular weight (MW) of 10000 Da [(MeO-PEG-NH2)10kDa], (MeO-PEG-NH)10kDa-STZ, was synthesized.…”

Section: Systemic Administration Of Aass Is Providing Some Encouraginmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…bending, and 28 torsion internal coordinates, by including redundancies (Lemma et al, 2017), may be found in its relative IR spectrum (Fig. 3).…”

Section: 22) Due To the Physicochemical Property Of The Attachedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, synthesis and characterization of a PEGylated stanozolol for potential therapeutic applications

Vergallo

Provenzani

Miettinen

et al. 2020

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

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This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

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“…Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) is widely used for screening, while liquid chromatography coupled to MS or tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) ensures the required analysis precision, specificity and sensibility with minimal sample pretreatment (18,19). Moreover, spectroscopic methods such as proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) can be applied to the identification and quantitation of stanozolol (14,20). In addition, the use of high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) methods is suggested due to the ability to improve mass accuracy and enhance the selectivity of the target compounds and/or allow for the analysis of untargeted compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of seized stanozolol formulations in South Brazil by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry

et al. 2020

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Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are synthetic derivatives of testosterone which are used medically for several diseases. However, misuse is commonly observed by athletes to promote enhancement of strength and performance. AAS are frequently obtained through online black markets from clandestine drug manufacturing laboratories, without any quality standards, being potentially dangerous for users. The purpose of this work was the development and application of a fast and simple procedure for the quantitation of stanozolol by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) in tablets packs seized in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. The samples of stanozolol were separated considering its dosage form. The internal standard (methyltestosterone) was added to the aliquots of the samples, dissolved in methanol and 5μL were injected into the analytical system. The newly developed method has been validated for lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ), linearity, accuracy, precision and selectivity. The LLOQ was 0.1 µg/mL. The developed method was successfully applied to 31 samples seized by the Secretaria da Receita Federal do Brasil (a Brazilian federal revenue service agency). According to the results, 90.3% of the suspected medicines (n=31) were adulterated, and 65% exhibited higher concentrations of stanozolol than those indicated in the label. This work successfully established a new method for quantification of stanozolol using LC-QTOF-MS. This method aims at contributing to the identification and quantification of this anabolic androgenic steroid frequently seized by federal inspection agencies.

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An FT-Raman, FT-IR, and Quantum Chemical Investigation of Stanozolol and Oxandrolone

Cited by 12 publications

References 35 publications

Analytical approaches applied to the analysis of apprehended formulations of anabolic androgenic steroids

Analytical approaches applied to the analysis of apprehended formulations of anabolic androgenic steroids

Design, synthesis and characterization of a PEGylated stanozolol for potential therapeutic applications

Analysis of seized stanozolol formulations in South Brazil by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry

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