An FTIR study of carbonate in synthetic apatites

Apfelbaum, F.; Diab, H.; Mayer, I.; Featherstone, J.D.B.

doi:10.1016/0162-0134(92)84016-g

Cited by 57 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Differences between intact and heat-treated bone were not significant: carbonate content, p = 0.12; ␤ both heat-treated and intact bone. 12,14,[22][23][24] The results from our infrared spectroscopy agree with those found previously for synthetic apatites 24 : carbonate content was slightly reduced by heating at temperatures of about 350°C and substantially reduced at higher temperatures, such as 700°C. The same trends were seen in X-ray diffraction patterns, and they also agree with published results that show broad peaks for intact bone 14 and bone heated at 400°C 22 and sharp peaks for bone heated at temperatures above 600°C.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…For example, the carbonate content of synthetic apatite, which is similar in chemical composition and crystal size to bone mineral, is changed subtly at 400°C, and this can be detected only by quantitative analysis. 23,24 The overall goal of this study was to better characterize heat-treated bone for potential use as a bone substitute. Low-temperature (400°C and lower) heat treatments were considered since they should minimize microstructural and ultrastructural changes to the bone mineral, remove most of the organic component, and eliminate risk of disease transfer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of the mechanical and ultrastructural properties of heat-treated cortical bone for use as a bone substitute

Catanese

Featherstone

Keaveny

1999

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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Heat-treated bovine cortical bone has been proposed as an alternative to bone grafts and synthetic bone substitutes because it may combine the advantages of allografts (high stiffness and strength) and synthetic materials (abundant supply, reduced risk of rejection and disease transfer). Its mechanical properties and ultrastructure, however, are not well characterized. To address this, we compared the compressive (n = 20, bovine bone) and tensile (n = 26, bovine bone) mechanical properties and the ultrastructure (n = 12, human bone) of intact versus 350 degrees C heat-treated cortical bone. The 350 degrees C heat-treated bone had a mean +/- SD elastic modulus similar to the intact bone for both compression (16.3 +/- 2.2 GPa, pooled; p = 0.68) and tension (16.3 +/- 3.7 GPa, pooled; p = 0.95). It also maintained 63% of the intact strength in compression but only 9% in tension (p < 0.001). Infrared scans and X-ray diffraction patterns showed no differences between the 350 degrees C heat-treated and intact bone but large differences between ashed (700 degrees C) and intact bone. Similarly, heat-treated bone previously has been shown to be biocompatible and osteoconductive. We conclude, therefore, that 350 degrees C heat-treated cortical bone may be an excellent load-bearing bone substitute provided that it is loaded in compression only in vivo and is shown by future work to have acceptable fatigue properties.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the mechanical and ultrastructural properties of heat-treated cortical bone for use as a bone substitute

Catanese

Featherstone

Keaveny

1999

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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“…23,24,29 -31 These results indicate that this HA material has CO 3 2 substituted at both the OH and PO 4 3 positions in the hexagonal lattice. 30,31 The weak bands in the range 2200-2000 cm 1 are associated with vibrational overtones and combination bands of the various spectral components. 32 Identical FTIR spectra were obtained for scrapings that were taken from the surface and subsurface of the HA target prior to sputter deposition.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it should be noted that this latter unresolved band also might be associated with HPO 4 2 groups. 24,30 All of the coatings appear to lack the O-H vibrational modes that would be expected for HA at 3570 and 630 cm 1 . 24 -26 Bands between 3700 and 3000 cm 1 associated with adsorbed water molecules, which are commonly observed in such as-deposited coatings, are not detected here.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Sputter-deposited Calcium Phosphate mentioning

confidence: 94%

Influence of target surface degradation on the properties of r.f. magnetron‐sputtered calcium phosphate coatings

Boyd

Akay

Meenan

2003

Surface & Interface Analysis

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This paper reports a detailed study of how repeated r.f. magnetron sputtering from a hydroxyapatite (HA) powder target affects the nature and reproducibility of a sequential series of thin-film coatings deposited onto Ti6Al4V substrates. An evaluation of the effective lifespan of the HA sputter targets and the reproducibility of the calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings produced from them has been made from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, XPS and, as appropriate, atomic force microscopy and SEM/energy dispersive x-ray analyses. The annulus region of the target surface, from which sputtering under r.f. magnetron conditions normally occurs, showed severe surface degradation after only one deposition run, as indicated by significant PO 4 3− and OH − depletion. This deterioration continued after each subsequent deposition cycle but to a much lesser extent than that observed in the initial sputtering period. The layers produced from all of the sputter runs contained the expected Ca 2+ and PO 4 3− species characteristic of a CaP system but were OH − deficient in the as-deposited state. However, the chemical and morphological properties of the coatings did not change significantly until after the third consecutive sputter cycle. Hence, these data indicate that, even though a significant level of degradation of the HA target occurs at the outset of the sputtering procedure, the general plasma conditions employed here have a dominant influence on the coating properties until a critical degradation condition is met. As such, the compacted HA powder targets of interest can have a life-cycle greater than single usage without detriment to the chemistry and morphology of the coatings produced from them.

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“…3). 18,19 Phosphate and calcium analyses were made using UV-vis and atomic absorption spectroscopy, respectively. 20 Carbonate analysis was performed using carbon coulometry.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bisphosphonate binding affinity as assessed by inhibition of carbonated apatite dissolution in vitro

Henneman

Nancollas

Ebetino

et al. 2007

J Biomedical Materials Res

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Bisphosphonates (BPs), which display a high affinity for calcium phosphate surfaces, are able to selectively target bone mineral, where they are potent inhibitors of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. The dissolution of synthetic hydroxyapatite (HAP) has been used previously as a model for BP effects on natural bone mineral. The present work examines the influence of BPs on carbonated apatite (CAP), which mimics natural bone more closely than does HAP. Constant composition dissolution experiments were performed at pH 5.50, physiological ionic strength (0.15M) and temperature (37°C). Selected BPs were added at (0.5 × 10 −6 ) to (50.0 × 10 −6 )M, and adsorption affinity constants, K L , were calculated from the kinetics data. The BPs showed concentrationdependent inhibition of CAP dissolution, with significant differences in rank order zoledronate > alendronate > risedronate. In contrast, for HAP dissolution at pH 5.50, the differences between the individual BPs were considerably smaller. The extent of CAP dissolution was also dependent on the relative undersaturation, σ, and CAP dissolution rates increased with increasing carbonate content. These results demonstrate the importance of the presence of carbonate in mediating the dissolution of CAP, and the possible involvement of bone mineral carbonate in observed differences in bone affinities of BPs in clinical use.

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An FTIR study of carbonate in synthetic apatites

Cited by 57 publications

References 11 publications

Characterization of the mechanical and ultrastructural properties of heat-treated cortical bone for use as a bone substitute

Characterization of the mechanical and ultrastructural properties of heat-treated cortical bone for use as a bone substitute

Influence of target surface degradation on the properties of r.f. magnetron‐sputtered calcium phosphate coatings

Bisphosphonate binding affinity as assessed by inhibition of carbonated apatite dissolution in vitro

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