An historical perspective of the ?Blandford Fly? (Simulium posticatum Meigen) problem and attempted control of the pest species using Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis

Ladle, M.; Welton, S.

doi:10.1007/bf00142829

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…ornatum to >97% when relative humidity was <87% for three days (Welton et al . ; ; Ladle and Welton, ). For these species, the high relative humidity was usually ensured by capillary water in the soil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Humidity is a crucial factor for egg survival in simulids (Colbo and Moorhouse, 1974). In S. posticatum in the river Stour, UK, egg mortality increased to >70% and in S. ornatum to >97% when relative humidity was <87% for three days 1987;Ladle and Welton, 1996). For these species, the high relative humidity was usually ensured by capillary water in the soil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MASS OCCURRENCE OF BLOODSUCKING BLACKFLIES IN A REGULATED RIVER REACH: LOCALIZATION OF OVIPOSITION HABITAT OF SIMULIUM TRUNCATUM USING DNA BARCODING

Brabrand

Bremnes

Koestler

et al. 2013

River Research & Apps

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In order to understand the factors giving rise to a stable and annual outbreak of the pest blackfly species Simulium truncatum (Lundström, 1911) (Simuliidae), the oviposition habitat has been localized and the egg density quantified at different contour levels in the studied regulated river channel bank. Larvae and adults of 12 blackfly species were identified to species based on morphology. As reference library for subsequent species identification of eggs and small larvae, these specimens were subsequently DNA sequenced for the barcode gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I. Interspecific distance was large between species or species complexes (average nearest neighbour distance: 0.14; range: 0.09-0.20), while intraspecific distance was comparatively low except for the Simulium ornatum and Simulium tuberosum species complexes. S. truncatum was the only species located high up in the channel bank. The core oviposition habitat was a steep moist erosion edge with moss and dead roots and with a continuous supply of groundwater. Egg densities were estimated to 42 773-50 274 eggs cm -2 . Humid oviposition areas high up on the riverbank, but within the annual spring flood levels, seem to be the basis for annual outbreaks of S. truncatum. The mass occurrence of S. truncatum is a phenomenon probably created by man, directly related to the river regulation regime and the construction of a dam in 1936, which gave rise to the formation of the channel and the erosion edge.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MASS OCCURRENCE OF BLOODSUCKING BLACKFLIES IN A REGULATED RIVER REACH: LOCALIZATION OF OVIPOSITION HABITAT OF SIMULIUM TRUNCATUM USING DNA BARCODING

Brabrand

Bremnes

Koestler

et al. 2013

River Research & Apps

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“…E-mail: r.a.cheke@greenwich.ac.uk Blackflies are not known to transmit any human diseases in the U.K., but 14 species have been recorded biting or molesting people in Britain (Crosskey, 2005). The most notorious of these is the Blandford fly, Simulium posticatum Meigen 1838 that is responsible for severe hypersensitive allergic reactions to its bites (simuliidosis) in the valley of the River Stour in Dorset, where its nuisance has required insecticidal control (Ladle & Welton, 1996). S. posticatum is also an anthropophilic nuisance in Oxfordshire (McRae & Hill, 1994) and has been recorded from 15 English counties in addition to Dorset and Oxfordshire, as well as in Monmouthshire in Wales (Crosskey et al, 2007).…”

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confidence: 99%

Mosquito Magnet® traps as a potential means of monitoring blackflies of medical and veterinary importance

López-Peña

Hawkes

Gibson

et al. 2021

Medical Vet Entomology

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Mosquito Magnet ® traps, deployed in widespread parts of England as part of nationwide mosquito surveillance projects, also caught blackflies. As many as 1242 blackflies were caught in a trapping session lasting 4 days. Principal among the species caught were Simulium equinum, Simulium lineatum and Simulium ornatum s.l. As S. ornatum s.l. is a vector that transmits Onchocerca linealis to cattle and S. equinum is responsible for dermatitis ('sweet itch') in cattle and horses, it is suggested that Mosquito Magnet ® traps could be used to monitor and partially control these pests, as well as nuisance anthropophilic blackflies such as Simulium posticatum that can cause simuliidosis in southern England.

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Perceptions and Responses of Residents to the Nuisance Black Fly Simulium jenningsi (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the Mid-Atlantic United States

Wilson-Ounekeo¹,

Lamp

2020

Journal of Medical Entomology

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Abstract Current management practices of nuisance black flies are conducted on an area-wide level and rely on the support of the public to implement programs. In Maryland, a vocal group of residents campaigned their representatives to begin a management program for the black fly Simulium jenningsi Malloch. To determine how residents in Maryland and its surrounding states perceived the severity of black fly nuisance, we deployed surveys online and in-person on the ways their outdoor activities were impacted and the preventive methods used to mitigate nuisance. Online respondents, those with children, and those who had lived in the region for a shorter amount of time were more likely to report black flies as ‘extremely annoying’. Quality-of-life concerns stemming from black fly swarms were primarily related to avoiding outdoor exercise and recreation. The majority of respondents used at least one method of personal protection against black fly annoyance, but satisfaction with any method was low. Methods used by respondents included the removal of standing water and rotting vegetation from their properties, indicating a lack of knowledge about black fly breeding habitats. The results contextualized the needs of residents in future management and topics for outreach efforts to address misconceptions about black fly biology. This study offers an example of the application of social science methodology in understanding the needs of stakeholders in area-wide pest management.

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An historical perspective of the ?Blandford Fly? (Simulium posticatum Meigen) problem and attempted control of the pest species using Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

MASS OCCURRENCE OF BLOODSUCKING BLACKFLIES IN A REGULATED RIVER REACH: LOCALIZATION OF OVIPOSITION HABITAT OF SIMULIUM TRUNCATUM USING DNA BARCODING

MASS OCCURRENCE OF BLOODSUCKING BLACKFLIES IN A REGULATED RIVER REACH: LOCALIZATION OF OVIPOSITION HABITAT OF SIMULIUM TRUNCATUM USING DNA BARCODING

Mosquito Magnet® traps as a potential means of monitoring blackflies of medical and veterinary importance

Perceptions and Responses of Residents to the Nuisance Black Fly Simulium jenningsi (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the Mid-Atlantic United States

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