An <i>In Vivo</i> Mouse Model for Chronic Inflammation–Induced Immune Suppression: A “Factory” for Myeloid‐Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs)

Ben‐Meir, Kerem; Twaik, Nira; Meirow, Yaron; Baniyash, Michal

doi:10.1002/cpz1.558

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…Experiments involving isolation of cells from different organs or cell coculture take more time than simple experiments that use isolated cells directly without manipulation. When isolating MDSCs from BCG mice (described in detail in a Current Protocols article by Ben‐Meir et al, 2022), the model first needs to be generated. Because endpoint is reached after 3 weeks, experiments using such BCG mice should be carefully planned.…”

Section: Commentarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To test the function of the different MDSC subpopulations during chronic inflammation, we used a pathology‐free chronic inflammation murine model system, which is enriched with elevated levels of MDSCs and displays a suppressed immune status. The model is referred to as the Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) model and is described in detail in a Current Protocols article by Ben‐Meir, Twaik, Meirow, & Baniyash (2022). To fully understand the contribution of MDSCs to the immunosuppressive environment, it is imperative to perform both in vivo and in vitro analyses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Functional Assays Evaluating Immunosuppression Mediated by Myeloid‐Derived Suppressor Cells

Reuven¹,

Mikula²,

Ashkenazi‐Preiser³

et al. 2022

Current Protocols

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Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are heterogenous populations of immature myeloid cells that can be divided into two main subpopulations, polymorphonuclear (PMN) MDSCs and monocytic (M) MDSCs. These cells accumulate during chronic inflammation, characterizing an array of pathologies such as cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and infectious and autoimmune diseases, and induce immunosuppression. The suppressive effects of MDSCs on the immune system are studied mainly when focusing on their features, functions, and impact on target cells such as T cells, natural killer cells, and B cells, among others. Herein, we describe methods for the analysis of MDSC immunosuppressive features and functions, measuring different mediators that contribute to their activities and how they impact on T cell function. The protocols described are a continuation to those in a companion Current Protocols article by Reuven et al. (2022), which uses a generated single-cell suspension and isolated cells to test their activity.

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Section: Commentarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Assays Evaluating Immunosuppression Mediated by Myeloid‐Derived Suppressor Cells

Reuven¹,

Mikula²,

Ashkenazi‐Preiser³

et al. 2022

Current Protocols

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“…Basic Protocol 1 describes the extraction of a single-cell suspension from different tissue of control and chronically inflamed mice (BCG model; described in detail in a Current Protocols article by Ben-Meir et al, 2022). This protocol represents the starting point for the various applications described herein.…”

Section: Single-cell Suspension Generation From Different Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Complex experiments that involve the isolation of various cells types from different organs might take more time than simple experiments. In order to isolate MDSCs from BCG mice (described in detail in a Current Protocols article by Ben‐Meir et al, 2022), steps to generate the model should first be conducted. The model lasts 3 weeks before endpoint is reached, and thus experiments using such mice should be carefully planned.…”

Section: Commentarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To study the biology and features of the different MDSC subpopulations during chronic inflammation, we established and optimized a murine model system, which features pathology‐free chronic inflammation, is enriched with elevated levels of MDSCs, and leads to suppressed immune status. The model system is based on chronic exposure of mice to repeated immunization with heat‐killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis emulsified in incomplete Freund's adjuvant, referred to as the Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) model, described in detail in a Current Protocols article by Ben‐Meir, Twaik, Meirow, & Baniyash (2022). To fully understand the contribution of MDSCs to the immunosuppressive environment induced during chronic inflammation, it is imperative to study MDSCs both in vivo and ex vivo .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenotypic Characterization and Isolation of Myeloid‐Derived Suppressor Cells

Reuven¹,

Mikula²,

Ashkenazi‐Preiser³

et al. 2022

Current Protocols

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Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are heterogenous populations of immature myeloid cells that can be divided into two main subpopulations, polymorphonuclear (PMN) MDSCs and monocytic (M) MDSCs. These cells accumulate during chronic inflammation and induce immunosuppression evident in an array of pathologies such as cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and infectious and autoimmune diseases. Herein, we describe methods to isolate and characterize MDSCs from various murine tissue, as well as to phenotype blood‐derived MDSCs from patients. The protocols describe methods for isolation of total MDSCs and their subpopulations, for characterization, and for evaluation of their distribution within tissue, as well as for assessing their maturation stage by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence analyses, and Giemsa staining. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Single‐cell suspension generation from different tissue Alternate Protocol 1: Single‐cell suspension generation from subcutaneous melanoma tumors Basic Protocol 2: Characterization of MDSC phenotype Basic Protocol 3: Cell separation using magnetic beads: Separating pan‐MDSCs or PMN‐MDSC and M‐MDSC subpopulations Alternate Protocol 2: Staining and preparing MDSCs for sorting Support Protocol: PMN‐MDSC and M‐MDSC gating strategy in mouse Basic Protocol 4: Immunofluorescence analysis of MDSCs Basic Protocol 5: Handling human blood samples and characterizing human MDSCs Alternate Protocol 3: Flow cytometry staining of thawed human whole blood samples

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Comprehensive insights into rheumatoid arthritis: Pathophysiology, current therapies and herbal alternatives for effective disease management

Chatterjee,

Jayaprakasan,

Chakrabarty

et al. 2024

Phytotherapy Research

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Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by immune response overexpression, causing pain and swelling in the synovial joints. This condition is caused by auto‐reactive antibodies that attack self‐antigens due to their incapacity to distinguish between self and foreign molecules. Dysregulated activity within numerous signalling and immunological pathways supports the disease's development and progression, elevating its complexity. While current treatments provide some alleviation, their effectiveness is accompanied by a variety of adverse effects that are inherent in conventional medications. As a result, there is a deep‐rooted necessity to investigate alternate therapeutic strategies capable of neutralizing these disadvantages. Medicinal herbs display a variety of potent bioactive phytochemicals that are effective in the complementary management of disease, thus generating an enormous potency for the researchers to delve deep into the development of novel phytomedicine against autoimmune diseases, although additional evidence and understanding are required in terms of their efficacy and pharmacodynamic mechanisms. This literature‐based review highlights the dysregulation of immune tolerance in rheumatoid arthritis, analyses the pathophysiology, elucidates relevant signalling pathways involved, evaluates present and future therapy options and underscores the therapeutic attributes of a diverse array of medicinal herbs in addressing this severe disease.

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An In Vivo Mouse Model for Chronic Inflammation–Induced Immune Suppression: A “Factory” for Myeloid‐Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs)

Cited by 3 publications

References 50 publications

Functional Assays Evaluating Immunosuppression Mediated by Myeloid‐Derived Suppressor Cells

Functional Assays Evaluating Immunosuppression Mediated by Myeloid‐Derived Suppressor Cells

Phenotypic Characterization and Isolation of Myeloid‐Derived Suppressor Cells

Comprehensive insights into rheumatoid arthritis: Pathophysiology, current therapies and herbal alternatives for effective disease management

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