An Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Improved Hilbert Curve Scrambling and Dynamic DNA Coding

Geng, Shengtao; Li, Jiahao; Zhang, Xuncai; Wang, Yanfeng

doi:10.3390/e25081178

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 56 publications

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“…Homogeneity is calculated using Equation (17), where the function g(i, j) indicates the value it takes at the point (i, j). On the other hand, an encrypted image is considered to be of high quality if the homogeneity is low [44].…”

Section: Homogeneity Contrast and Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hybrid Cryptosystem Incorporating a New Algorithm for Improved Entropy

Silva-García,

Flores-Carapia,

Cardona-López

2024

Entropy

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Today, safeguarding sensitive content through encryption is crucial. This work presents a hybrid cryptosystem for images that employs both asymmetric and symmetric encryption. The asymmetric component involves applying the Diffie–Hellman protocol and the ElGamal cryptosystem to securely transmit two constants. These constants are necessary for the symmetrical aspect to generate dynamic permutations, substitution boxes, and round keys. Following an encryption process with fourteen rounds, the encrypted images are processed by an algorithm proposed to enhance entropy, a critical metric for assessing encryption quality. It increases the frequencies of the basic colors to achieve a histogram closely resembling a uniform distribution, but it increases the image size by approximately 8%. This improves the entropy values achieved by the hybrid cryptosystem, bringing them remarkably close to the ideal value of 8.0. In specific instances, the entropy values were elevated from 7.99926 to 8.0. The proposed method exhibits resilience against various attacks, including differential, linear, brute force, and algebraic attacks, as evaluated through the entropy, correlation, goodness of fit, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), Number of Pixels Change Rate (NPCR), Unified Average Changing Intensity (UACI), Avalanche Criteria (AC), contrast, energy, and homogeneity. Further, encrypted images are subjected to noise attacks ranging from 20% to 50% noise, including additive, multiplicative, occlusion noise, as well as the newly introduced χ2 noise. The noise damage is quantified using the proposed Similarity Parameter (SP), and a 3×3 median filter is employed to enhance the visual quality.

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Section: Homogeneity Contrast and Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hybrid Cryptosystem Incorporating a New Algorithm for Improved Entropy

Silva-García,

Flores-Carapia,

Cardona-López

2024

Entropy

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Image encryption scheme based on improved four-dimensional chaotic system and evolutionary operators

Niu,

Zhou,

Zhang

2024

Sci Rep

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To enhance the security of image data transmission, and address the weaknesses of existing image encryption schemes based on chaotic systems, particularly concerning resistance to differential attacks and the unstable performance of chaotic systems, this article introduces an improved four-dimensional chaotic system and integrates evolutionary operators to propose an image encryption scheme. Firstly, a method for generating pseudo-random sequences associated with the plaintext is designed. The change rate of the ciphertext pixel value exceeds 0.9967 after a slight modification of the plaintext pixel value, significantly improving the plaintext sensitivity and the scheme's ability to resist selected plaintext attacks. Secondly, an individual rearrangement operation is introduced to achieve bit-level scrambling, and pixel-level scrambling is achieved by selection strategy. Subsequently, crossover and mutation operations are incorporated into image encryption. To reflect the randomness of the pairing, we adopt the pseudo-random sequence generated by the chaotic system to control the crossover and mutation operators, and a diffusion operation is performed on selected pixel pairs. Finally, ciphertext feedback is applied. Experimental results and performance analysis demonstrate that the proposed scheme not only enhances the security of encrypted images but also effectively resists noise and cropping attacks. This method effectively meets the high-security requirements of images in network transmission and provides new ideas for further research in the field of image encryption.

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