“…While interface tracking techniques (or Lagrangian) require moving mesh nodes to track the moving interface, interface-capturing approaches (or Eulerian) [24] are usually formulated on fixed meshes (which does not prevent the mesh adaptation) while mesh elements do not adhere to the moving interface; the latter, however, introduce an additional advection equation into the global coupled system to describe implicitly the free interface. Lagragian approaches include, for example, the classical finite element method with a mesh adapting to membrane discretization [25], the boundary element method using a Green kernel for transforming viscous volume integrals into surface integrals [26,27], and the immersed boundary method [15,28]. Eulerian approaches include, among others, the level set method [3,[29][30][31][32][33], the phase field approach [34], and the isogeometric phase field method [35].…”