An immunocytochemical method for histamine: application to the planarians

Panula, Pertti; Eriksson, Kent; Gustafsson, Margaretha K. S.; Reuter, Maria

doi:10.1007/bf00036409

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Wikgren et al (1990) demonstrated in different members of the Plathelminthes the occurrence of histamine in the nervous system and the distribution of histamine in the area of the excretory organs. Panula et al (1995) showed immunoreactivity in the region of the cerebral eye of Dugesia tigrina, but observed no histaminergic structures in the nervous system. On the other hand, they pointed out in Polycelis nigra that histaminergic immunoreactivity occurred in some fibres of the longitudinal nerves and lateral of the brain, but no immunoreactivity was observed in the area of the photoreceptors.…”

Section: Histaminementioning

confidence: 91%

Architecture of the nervous system in two Dactylopodola species (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida)

Rothe

Schmidt‐Rhaesa

2008

Zoomorphology

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Immunohistochemical stainings have become standard tools to describe the nervous system, but usually only singular or few markers are used and consequently show only subsets of neurons within the nervous system. We investigated two species of Dactylopodola (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida) with a broad set and combination of markers, to represent the nervous system in a more holistic approach. We suggest that markers for both neurotubuli (tubulin) and neurotransmitters (e.g. serotonin, FMRFamides, histamine) should be used. Combinations with markers for the musculature (phalloidin) and nuclei (propidiumiodide or other markers) help to reveal spatial patterns and when used with TEM can provide a more precise picture of the spatial relationships of particular nerves. Species of Dactylopodola have a brain consisting of a solid dorsal commissure and a fine ventral commissure. Cell somata of brain cells are arranged lateral to the dorsal commissure and form a dumbbell-like brain. Additionally, projections into the head region, head sensory organs, one pair of lateroventral nerve cords with three commissures and stomatogastric nerves are described. Obviously, some longitudinal transmitter-specific fibres run in parallel to the main longitudinal nerve and represent additional longitudinal fibres. In comparison with the nervous system architecture of other gastrotrich species and that of different bilaterian animals it is speculated that the gastrotrich nervous system retains several ancestral features, such as being commissural and not a compact brain.

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Section: Histaminementioning

confidence: 91%

Architecture of the nervous system in two Dactylopodola species (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida)

Rothe

Schmidt‐Rhaesa

2008

Zoomorphology

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“…Small numbers of histaminergic fibres have been demonstrated immunocytochemically in the turbellarians, Microstomum lineare and Polycelis nigra, and in the cestode, Diphyllobothrium dendriticum, where they are scattered mainly in the longitudinal nerve cords (Wikgren et al 1990). Histamine has also been demonstrated immunocytochemically in the turbellarian, Dugesia tigrina, but not in the CNS; rather, it was found to be restricted to photoreceptor cells in the cerebral eye, with preliminary evidence that its occurrence may exhibit some circadian variation (Panula et al 1995). Since HA is a well established neurotransmitter of photoreceptors in higher invertebrates, notably insects, further study of this phenomenon would seem appropriate.…”

Section: Histaminementioning

confidence: 99%

“…y-Amino butyric acid (GABA) is a recognised important inhibitory neurotransmitter of widespread occurrence in both vertebrates and invertebrates; surprisingly, there are only three reports of its presence in flatworms. Using two independent immunocytochemical methods, involving a monoclonal antibody specific for GABA, combined with different fixation protocols, Eriksson & Panula (1994) and Eriksson, Panula & Reuter (1995 a), Eriksson et al (19956) have demonstrated extensive immunoreactivity for this biogenic amine in fibres in the central nervous system of the turbellarians, Polycelis nigra and Dugesia tigrina, in the longitudinal nerve cords and nerve nets of Moniezia expansa and in the longitudinal cords and lateral nerves in the posterior portion of Fasciola hepatica. HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of GABA in the two parasitic worms, but revealed a much higher concentration of the amine in the cestode.…”

Section: Y-amino Butyric Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional morphology of the platyhelminth nervous system

1996

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As the most primitive metazoan phylum, the Platyhelminthes occupies a unique position in nervous system evolution. Centrally, their nervous system consists of an archaic brain from which emanate one or more pairs of longitudinal nerve cords connected by commissures; peripherally, a diverse arrangement of nerve plexuses of varying complexity innervate the subsurface epithelial and muscle layers, and in the parasitic taxa they are most prominent in the musculature of the attachment organs and egg-forming apparatus. There is a range of neuronal-cell types, the majority being multi-and bipolar. The fiatworm neuron is highly secretory and contains a heterogeneity of vesicular inclusions, dominated by densecored vesicles, whose contents may be released synaptically or by paracrine secretion for presumed delivery to target cells via the extracellular matrix. A wide range of sense organ types is present in flatworms, irrespective of life-styles. The repertoire of neuronal substances identified cytochemically includes all of the major candidate transmitters known in vertebrates. Two groups of native fiatworm neuropeptides have been sequenced, neuropeptide F and FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs), and immunoreactivities for these have been localised in dense-cored neuronal vesicles in representatives of all major fiatworm groups. There is evidence of co-localisation of peptidergic and cholinergic elements; serotoninergic components generally occupy a separate set of neurons. The actions of neuronal substances in flatworms are largely undetermined, but FaRPs and S-HT are known to be myoactive in all of the major groups, and there is immunocytochemical evidence that they have a role in the mechanism of egg assembly.

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“…Using this fixation, histamine was demonstrated more clearly than with other fixatives. This type of fixation is now recommended for histamine immunocytochemistry (Panula et al, 1995;Eriksson et al, 1996Eriksson et al, , 1998. In our previous experiments using this method, the presence of histamine and serotonin was demonstrated in the nucleus of mast cells (Csaba et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of paraformaldehyde and EDAC fixation on the demonstrability of hormones (histamine, endorphin, triiodothyronine) in rat immune cells: An immunocytochemical comparative analysis

Csaba¹,

Kovács²,

Pállinger³

2006

Cell Biology International

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The amount and localization of three hormones (histamine, endorphin and triiodothyronine [T(3)]) was measured in male and female rat peritoneal cells (lymphocytes, mast cells, monocyte-macrophage-granulocyte group [mo-gran]) using flow cytometry as well as confocal microscopy after paraformaldehyde (PFA) or EDAC fixation. In the EDAC fixed lymphocytes and mo-gran of female animals two-magnitude higher levels of histamine were measured after EDAC fixation and one magitude higher in mast cells. The amount of T(3) was almost four-fold in lymphocytes and 2.5-4-fold in mast cells and mo-gran. Endorphin content was not altered by the type of fixation. In each cell type in males one magnitude higher levels of histamine and T(3) were measured after EDAC fixation and a small, but significant, elevation of endorphin. Confocal microscopy supports the quantitative data. The results show that (1) the fixation with the crosslinking molecule, EDAC, is more suitable for immunocytochemical studies of amino-acid type hormones in immune cells, (2) more histamine and T(3) are present in the immune cells than it was supposed previously when studying PFA-fixed preparations, (3) the estimation of the amount of peptide hormones seems to be accurate after PFA fixation, (4) there is a quantitative difference comparing the results of PFA and EDAC fixation between males and females.

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An immunocytochemical method for histamine: application to the planarians

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

Architecture of the nervous system in two Dactylopodola species (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida)

Architecture of the nervous system in two Dactylopodola species (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida)

Functional morphology of the platyhelminth nervous system

Influence of paraformaldehyde and EDAC fixation on the demonstrability of hormones (histamine, endorphin, triiodothyronine) in rat immune cells: An immunocytochemical comparative analysis

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