An immunohistochemical investigation of diagnostic biopsy material taken from short and long term survivors with small cell lung cancer

Abstract

SummaryAn immunohistochemical study has been carried out on fibre optic-biopsy specimens from patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) who had either died within 3 months, or who had survived more than 2 years. Long term survivors (LTS) were identified from completed clinical trials at major UK centres and were matched for age and sex within the trial with short term survivors (STS). The panel of immunohistochemical markers included those previously reported to be associated with prognosis, and reagents representative of both neuroendocrine and epithelial differentiation. A preliminary screen of 17 antibodies identified 11 as consistently reactive on paraffin-embedded material using streptavadin-biotin immunoperoxidase. Of 186 identified patients, 110 biopsy samples were retrieved. Of these, 70 gave sufficient material for analysis. All sections were scored by three observers without knowledge of the prognosis. The analysis failed to identify any antigen whose expression was correlated with prognosis. We conclude that, in fibre-optic biopsy specimens, immunohistochemical analysis does not add prognostic information in SCLC.Small cell lung cancer SCLC is characterised by monomorphic, undifferentiated cells which typically show neuroendocrine (NE) properties such as high levels of dopa decarboxylase, creatinine kinase BB, neurone specific enolase (NSE) and bombesin, and the presence of neurosecretory granules.

Ultra-high-throughput screening based on cell-surface display and fluorescence-activated cell sorting for the identification of novel biocatalysts

“…HRP reacts with hydrogen peroxide and the phenolic part of biotintyramide to produce a quinone-like structure bearing a radical on the C2 group. The peroxidase-generated tyramide radical then covalently attaches to tyrosine residues in close vicinity to HRP (Figure 3) [41][42][43]. It was possible to show that biotin-tyramide can be efficiently deposited on the surface of E. coli cells that are decorated with HRP.…”

Autotransporters with GDSL Passenger Domains: Molecular Physiology and Biotechnological Applications

“…The tyramide signal amplification (TSA) reaction is useful for this type of application. It has been widely used in immunohistochemistry, cytochemistry and in situ hybridization, for site‐specific covalent attachment of biotin molecules to proximal proteins 75–77. It is based on the oxidative formation of a tyramide radical from biotin‐tyramide by horseradish peroxidase in the presence of hydrogen peroxide at low concentration.…”

Ultrahigh‐Throughput Screening to Identify E. coli Cells Expressing Functionally Active Enzymes on their Surface

“…The tyramide signal amplification (TSA) reaction has been widely used in immunohistochemistry and cytochemistry for site-specific covalent attachment of biotin molecules. [6] It makes use of the fact that horseradish peroxidase (HRP) can react with hydrogen peroxide and the phenolic part of biotin tyramide to produce a quinone-like structure that bears a radical on the C2 group. The short lived peroxidase-generated tyramide radical then A C H T U N G T R E N N U N G covalently attach to tyrosine residues in close vicinity to HRP (Scheme 1).…”