An immunohistochemical study of chromaffin cells and nerve fibers in the adrenal gland of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana.

Kuramoto, Hirofumi

doi:10.1679/aohc.50.15

Cited by 26 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The differential morphology and distribution of the fibres on the one hand, and the lack of apparent continuity between these two categories of immunoreactive elements on the other, suggest the existence of two independent PACAP neuronal systems in the frog adrenal gland. This pattern of innervation is reminiscent of the dual neuropeptide Y immuno¬ reactive network previously described in the rat and bullfrog adrenal glands Kuramoto, 1987). Both PACAP-containing fibre populations may be involved in the regulation of the secretory activity of the adrenal gland.…”

Section: Effect Of Pacap On Corticosteroid Secretionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Localization, characterization and activity of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide in the frog adrenal gland

Yon¹,

Feuilloley²,

Chartrel³

et al. 1993

Journal of Endocrinology

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Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) has recently been isolated from the frog brain and the sequence of the peptide appears to be strikingly similar to that of mammalian PACAP. In the present study, we have investigated the localization of PACAP in the frog interrenal (adrenal) gland by immunocytochemistry using antisera directed against PACAP 38 or PACAP 27. Two types of PACAP-immunoreactive fibres were observed: thick varicose fibres coursing between adrenal cells and thin processes located in the walls of blood vessels irrigating the gland. Bilateral transection of the splanchnic nerves did not affect the intensity and distribution of PACAP immunoreactivity. The mean +/- S.E.M. concentration of PACAP, measured by radioimmunoassay in crude adrenal extracts, was 0.65 +/- 0.16 nmol/g wet tissue. Two molecular forms of PACAP in the adrenal gland were characterized by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography combined with radioimmunoassay quantification. The elution profiles revealed the existence of two peaks exhibiting the same retention times as synthetic frog PACAP 38 (fPACAP 38) and PACAP 27, the predominant form being PACAP 38. The possible involvement of PACAP in the regulation of adrenal steroidogenesis was investigated in vitro using a perifusion system for frog adrenal slices. Graded doses of fPACAP 38 (0.1-10 mumol/l) increased the secretion of both corticosterone and aldosterone in a dose-dependent manner. Administration of repeated pulses of fPACAP 38 (1 mumol/l), at 120-min intervals, led to a reproducible stimulation of corticosteroid secretion without any tachyphylaxis. Prolonged infusion (2 h) of the peptide induced a rapid increase in corticosterone and aldosterone output, followed by a gradual decline in the secretion rate, suggesting the occurrence of a desensitization phenomenon. Synthetic porcine vasoactive intestinal peptide, which is structurally related to PACAP, was about ten times less potent than fPACAP 38 in stimulating steroidogenesis while the [Des-His1]-fPACAP 38 analogue was 100 times less effective. These results demonstrate that a peptide closely related to fPACAP 38 is present in fibres innervating the frog adrenal gland and could participate in the regulation of corticosteroid secretion, particularly during neurogenic stress.

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Section: Effect Of Pacap On Corticosteroid Secretionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Localization, characterization and activity of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide in the frog adrenal gland

Yon¹,

Feuilloley²,

Chartrel³

et al. 1993

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…They concluded that the rare synaptic boutons which are both CGRP-IR and SP-IR and form synapses with a small population of B neurons are sensory. All these results are in accordance with the previous findings of Kuramoto (1987), who reported that neurons from bullfrog posterior dorsal root ganglia were both SP-IR and CGRP-IR. Likewise, double-immunolabeling for LHRH and SP in bullfrog sympathetic ganglia (Jan and Jan, 1982) and in the celiac plexus of Rana esculentu (Lascar, 1989) revealed that the distribution of preganglionic LHRH-IR nerve fibers in the ganglion neuropil was distinct from that of SP-IR fibers.…”

Section: Neuropeptide Y W"p)supporting

confidence: 93%

“…Double-staining with antisera against CGRP and SP led Kuramoto and Fujita (1986) and Kuramoto (1987) to discover that a small population of CGRP-IR preganglionic fibers contacting B neurons were also SP-IR, and that these peptides were coreleased from the terminals. In addition, double-labeling experiments with anti-CGRP and anti-LHRH showed that CGRP-IR preganglionic fibers contacted most B neurons, whereas LHRH-IR fibers made synapses with the bulk of C neurons.…”

Section: Neuropeptide Y W"p)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synaptic organization of amphibian sympathetic ganglia

Lascar

Eugène

Taxi

1996

Microsc. Res. Tech.

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The synaptic organization of the amphibian sympathetic ganglia was studied, especially in the last two abdominal paravertebral ganglia of the frog. These ganglia appear to form a monosynaptic relay, not containing interneurons. They consist of two systems working in parallel: the principal neurons, by far the most numerous, and a small number of chromaffin (i.e., SIF) cells, usually arranged in clusters. Each principal neuron is innervated by a preganglionic branch forming a set of cholinergic synapses which exhibit classical ultrastucture. The only peculiarity is the presence of a subsynaptic apparatus in a variable percentage of synaptic complexes. Electro‐physiological studies have demonstrated that synaptic transmission is due to ACh release and involves several postsynaptic potentials. Moreover, the principal neurons are of two types, B and C, whose preganglionic axons and their own axons have different conduction velocities. C neurons tend to be small in diameter, and B neurons are larger, but the size distribution of the two populations overlaps. More recently, it was demonstrated that these two neuronal systems have different immunocytochemical features. The C preganglionic fibers contain an LHRH‐like peptide, which is responsible for late synaptic events. The B preganglionic fibers contain CGRP, whose role has not yet been established. The principal neurons all contain adrenaline, but neuropeptide Y is also present in C neurons and could be a second transmitter at peripheral junctions. SP‐containing fibers also pass through the ganglia, but give rise to intraganglionic synapses only rarely, except in the celiac plexus. Galanin can coexist with neuropeptide Y in certain C neurons. Numerous principal neurons are immunoreactive for VIP. Chromaffin cells contain noradrenaline and metenkephalin, and some contain SP or LHRH; they are endocrine cells controlled by preganglionic fibers and can have a modulatory effect on principal neurons endowed with appropriate receptors. The accessibility of frog abdominal ganglia and the anatomical separation of B and C preganglionic fiber pathways provide interesting systems in which to carry out experimentation on the stability and specificity of synaptic contacts. After postganglionic axotomy, the majority of synapses disappear by disruption of synaptic contacts. There is a certain discrepancy between the recovery of synaptic transmission and the reappearance of morphologically identifiable synapses, suggesting that a certain amount of transmission is possible at contacts devoid of synaptic complexes. The selective deafferentation of B or C neurons showed that the subsynaptic apparati are mainly found at B neuron synapses. The course of reinnervation following selective deafferentation reveals the existence of different specificities at B and C synapses: C neurons are easily reinnervated by B preganglionic fibers, whereas C fibers appear fairly ineffective at reinnervating B neurons, even after a long interval. Attempts were made to reinnervate ganglionic neurons...

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“…Galanin The presence of these peptides has also been docu mented in the sympathoadrenal system of other verte brates. In mammals, a subpopulation of principal neurons and SIF cells has been shown to express ENK-LI [24][25][26], ENK-LI has also been detected in chromaffin cells of var ious mammalian species [27][28][29][30]. Whenever found in chromaffin cells, ENK-LI coexists with catecholaminergic properties, preferential expression with epinephrine is commonly reported although, as occurs forNPY-LI, coex pression with norepinephrine has also been reported in certain species [27][28][29][31][32][33][34], Sympathetic and adrenal cells of other vertebrates have also been found to express GAL-LI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Galanin- and Enkephalin-Like Immunoreactivities in the Sympathoadrenal Lineage of the Avian Embryo

Barreto-Estrada

Medina-Vera²,

Jesus-Escobar³

et al. 1997

Dev Neurosci

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The neurochemical differentiation of the sympathoadrenal nervous system has been analyzed by focusing on the developmental expression of two neuropeptides, galanin and enkephalin. Both peptides are expressed early in the formation of the sympathetic ganglia and adrenal gland. Expression in the adrenal persists during embryogenesis to hatching while expression in the sympathetic is lost as sympathoblasts differentiate into neurons. Galanin expression and its modulation by nerve growth factor (NGF) and dexamethasone (Dex) was also studied in vitro. Differential effects of these factors were found on adrenal versus sympathetic cultures. However, the results coincided with the proposed role of the factors in inducing either neuronal properties (NGF) or chromaffin characteristics (Dex).

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An immunohistochemical study of chromaffin cells and nerve fibers in the adrenal gland of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana.

Cited by 26 publications

References 63 publications

Localization, characterization and activity of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide in the frog adrenal gland

Localization, characterization and activity of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide in the frog adrenal gland

Synaptic organization of amphibian sympathetic ganglia

Development of Galanin- and Enkephalin-Like Immunoreactivities in the Sympathoadrenal Lineage of the Avian Embryo

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