An Immunohistochemical Study of Dibutyltin-Induced Thymus Atrophy

Pieters, Raymond; Kampinga, J; Snoeij, N.J.; Bol‐Schoenmakers, Marianne; Lam, Antonio Wong; Penninks, André; Seinen, Willem

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-74117-3_24

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52) Such immunosuppression may predispose the highly sensitive immune system to loss of tolerance to self-antigens and subsequent increased risk for autoimmune disease and allergies. Alternatively, altered repertoires of T cells responsive to foreign antigens may cause the neonate to become more susceptible to infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, altered repertoires of T cells responsive to foreign antigens may cause the neonate to become more susceptible to infections. (44)(45)(46)53) From this point of view, we attempted to develop a method for detection of in vivo chemicalinduced thymocyte apoptosis and we obtain positive reactions using MXC as a typical chemical. Whether the same events occur after administration of other chemicals that appear in many places in the environment remains uncertain, however.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of thymocytes apoptosis in mice induced by organochlorine pesticides methoxychlor

Fukuyama¹,

Kosaka²,

Tajima³

et al. 2010

Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology

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The thymus has long been known to be vulnerable to atrophy when exposed to variety of stimuli, including hormones, immunosuppressive pharmaceuticals, and environmental chemicals. The organochlorine pesticide methoxychlor (MXC) is an immunosuppressive agent thought to affect thymic atrophy by inducing apoptosis of thymocyte T cells. We sought to develop an experimental protocol to detect in vivo thymocyte apoptosis induced by MXC in Balb/c mice. We treated the mice with 150-400 mg/kg MXC. We then measured thymus weight, cell counts, caspase activity (3/7, 8, and 9), annexin V labeling of phosphatidylserine (PS) and DNA fragmentation. In MXC-treated mice we observed decreases in thymus weight and cell counts and increases in caspase activity (3/7, 8, and 9), annexin V PS labeling and DNA fragmentation. These results suggest that MXC induces thymic atrophy caused by thymocyte apoptosis, and that our protocol may be useful for detecting in vivo thymocyte apoptosis induced by environmental chemicals in short-time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of thymocytes apoptosis in mice induced by organochlorine pesticides methoxychlor

Fukuyama¹,

Kosaka²,

Tajima³

et al. 2010

Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology

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“…Numerous toxic environmental chemicals such as pesticides, perfumes, organotins, and heavy metals play roles in the dysregulation of immune functions (Kohler et al, 1987;Pieters et al, 1989;Kawashima et al, 1990;Hirai and Ichikawa, 1991;Zelikoff et al, 1994;Kosuda et al, 1996;Staples et al, 1998;Nakadai et al, 2006;Li et al, 2007Li et al, , 2009). Organophosphorus and organochlorine insecticides such as parathion and methoxychlor are widely used throughout the world in agriculture and termite control (Ellenhorn and Barceloux, 1988;Wessels et al, 2003;Nakadai et al, 2006;Lopez et al, 2007;OECD, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoptosis in immunocytes induced by several types of pesticides

Fukuyama¹,

Tajima²,

Ueda³

et al. 2009

Journal of Immunotoxicology

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“…Although we did not observe a decrease in thymus weights from the exposed animals, the suppressed IgM observed in our study may be associated with a reduction in T-cell populations from direct toxic effects of DBTC on the thymus. Multiple studies have described thymus atrophy (Seinen and Willems, 1976;Seinen et al, 1977aSeinen et al, , 1977bSienen and Penninks, 1979;Snoeij et al, 1988Snoeij et al, , 1989Pieters et al, 1989aPieters et al, , 1989b and an associated reduction in T-cell populations following DBTC exposure (Penninks and Seinen, 1984;Snoeij et al, 1988Snoeij et al, , 1989Pieters et al, 1989aPieters et al, , 1989b. Thymus atrophy and subsequent reductions in T-cell populations is reported to occur at doses between 5 and 15 mg DBTC/kg BW.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Responses in Sprague–Dawley Rats Exposed to Dibutyltin Dichloride in Drinking Water as Adults

DeWitt

Copeland

Luebke

2005

Journal of Immunotoxicology

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Organotins are used commercially as agricultural pesticides, antifouling agents, and stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe. Mono-and di-substituted methyl and butyltins, used in PVC pipe production, are of concern as they leach from supply pipes into drinking water and have been reported to cause multisystem toxicity, including immunotoxicity. As part of an ongoing study to evaluate immunotoxic effects of organotins, we assessed immune function in adult Sprague-Dawley (CD) rats after exposure to dibutyltin dichloride (DBTC). Individually-housed adult male and female CD rats were given drinking water containing 0, 10, or 25 mg DBTC/L (final concentration) in 0.5% Alkamuls for 28 days. Water bottles were changed and water consumption was monitored twice weekly and body weights (BW) were recorded weekly. Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), primary and secondary antibody responses to sheep red blood cells, and natural killer (NK) cell activity were evaluated in separate groups of treated and control animals on day 29 of exposure. Water consumption was significantly decreased in both sexes at 25 mg DBTC/L. BW, immune organ weights, the DTH response, and NK cell activity did not vary by dose. Different results for antibody responses in male rats were obtained in two experimental replicates. In the first replicate, IgG was elevated at the highest dose whereas in the second replicate, IgM was suppressed. However, as these effects occurred at the high dose of 25 mg DBTC/L, which is a concentration a million times higher than levels of DBTC reported in drinking water, our data suggest that DBTC is unlikely to cause immunotoxicity at concentrations found in drinking water supplies.

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An Immunohistochemical Study of Dibutyltin-Induced Thymus Atrophy

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

Detection of thymocytes apoptosis in mice induced by organochlorine pesticides methoxychlor

Detection of thymocytes apoptosis in mice induced by organochlorine pesticides methoxychlor

Apoptosis in immunocytes induced by several types of pesticides

Immune Responses in Sprague–Dawley Rats Exposed to Dibutyltin Dichloride in Drinking Water as Adults

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