An implantable artificial pancreas

Schubert, Werner; Baurschmidt, P.; Nagel, Joachim H.; Thulĺ, R.; Schaldach, M.

doi:10.1007/bf02443331

Cited by 14 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…As a consequence, since the sixties (Clemens, Chang, and Myers 1997) there has been considerable research interest for the development of an "artificial pancreas" that is a possibly portable (or implantable) automated device that continuously monitors the BG and computes and administrates the insulin dose to the T1DM patient (Schubert et al 1980). Very detailed surveys have recently reviewed the state-of-the-art of glucose control algorithms and monitoring systems for diabetes Bequette 2005;Elleri, Dunger, and Hovorka 2011;Youssef, Castle, and Ward 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A Learning Strategy for the Autonomous Control of Type 1 Diabetes

Fravolini

Cascianelli

Fabietti

2015

Applied Artificial Intelligence

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This article proposes a learning strategy for the control of the blood glucose in type 1 diabetes based on continuous subcutaneous glucose measurement and subcutaneous insulin administration. The method relies on an Iterative Learning Control strategy that exploits the approximated repetitiveness of the daily feeding habits of a patient. The administration strategy for the insulin is based on a mixed feedback and feedforward law whose parameters are tuned through a learning process based on the day-by-day analysis of the glucose response to the infusion of exogenous insulin. The proposed scheme is fully autonomous in the sense that it does not require any a priori information on the insulin/glucose response of the patient, on the amount of ingested carbohydrates, and on the announcement of the mealtimes. A novel filtering strategy of the subcutaneous glucose signal is proposed to provide a robust detection of the meal occurrence despite the significant noise introduced by the subcutaneous glucose sensor. A specific module is proposed to detect and prevent possible hypoglycemia events. Considering a prototype diabetic virtual patient it was showed that, thanks to the learning mechanism, the scheme in a few days is able to bring and to maintain the blood glucose in the normoglycemia region and that the control performance can improve over time. Long-run simulation studies have also shown the robustness of the learning scheme in the presence of realistic uncertainties and interpatient variability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A Learning Strategy for the Autonomous Control of Type 1 Diabetes

Fravolini

Cascianelli

Fabietti

2015

Applied Artificial Intelligence

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“…Platt et al (2) proposed a self-powered embedded sensor for orthopedic implants. Schubert et al (3) and Schrag et al (4) proposed micropumps using piezoelectric actuators for an implantable artificial pancreas and artificial bowel sphincter, respectively. Furthermore, authors have proposed a piezoelectric artificial cochlea which realizes the acoustic/electric conversion and the frequency selectivity without an externally supplying energy (5)- (7) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culturing Neurons on MEMS Fabricated P(VDF-TrFE) Films for Implantable Artificial Cochlea

Shintaku

Tateno

Tsuchioka

et al. 2010

JBSE

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In this paper, we report an in vitro study on the biocompatibility of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) films for the implantable artificial cochlea. The implantable artificial cochlea comprises a piezoelectric membrane made of P(VDF-TrFE), platinum (Pt) thin film electrodes, and a silicon substrate which are designed to stimulate neurons in a cochlea and fabricated by microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and thin film technologies. The biocompatibility of P(VDF-TrFE) film is evaluated by culturing cerebral cortical neurons from rats on it. The fibronectin from human plasma and the collagen from the calf skin are used as the cell adhesion factors. Since neurons extend dendrites and axons from the somata, it is found that the neurons are successfully cultured on the surface of P(VDF-TrFE) films modified both by the fibronectin and by the collagen. Furthermore, it is also found that the neurons are also successfully cultured over the Pt electrode on the P(VDF-TrFE) of the implantable artificial cochlea modified by the fibronectin. Consequently, the biocompatibility and the applicability of the MEMS fabricated P(VDF-TrFE) films and the implantable artificial cochlea are confirmed.

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Drug Delivery Systems 4. Implants in Drug Delivery

Ranade¹

1990

The Journal of Clinical Pharma

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In comparison with many of the other drug delivery systems, implantable pumps and implants for variable rate delivery are at a crude stage of development. Although exceptions exist, the typical implantable pump consists of an electromechanically complex mechanism to regulate drug delivery from a percutaneous refillable reservoir, while power to drive the system comes from a transcutaneous energy transmission system. The potential for electrical or mechanical failure is high, and the systems are not yet sufficiently convenient or easy to use to recommend in a routine therapy. Problems with refilling of an apparently well designed implanted reservoir have been observed while, at the same time, cutaneous energy transmission systems are not well established. In most instances, the development of an elementary osmotic pump system dosage form follows a well defined path of physical-chemical formulation and clinical testing. The benefits most often provided by the dosage form are expected to be (1) increase in selectivity of drug action achieved by the system's zero-order release rate, and (2) decrease in frequency of administration. The success in achieving these values is quantifiable from the pharmacology of the drug substance and its pharmacokinetics. Osmotic and other technical approaches to producing economical, rate-controlled dosage forms will make it possible for all new pharmaecutical products to carry kinetic specification of rate as well as static specification of content. This review considers the characteristics of the ideal implantable pump, the clinical situations which require pumps, the limitations of portable pumps, and the detailed characteristics of existing implantable pumps and implants. Most of the review, however, focuses on insulin delivery because of the importance of this subject.

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An implantable artificial pancreas

Abstract: Abstract-The

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

A Learning Strategy for the Autonomous Control of Type 1 Diabetes

A Learning Strategy for the Autonomous Control of Type 1 Diabetes

Culturing Neurons on MEMS Fabricated P(VDF-TrFE) Films for Implantable Artificial Cochlea

Drug Delivery Systems 4. Implants in Drug Delivery

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