An Important Milk Enzyme: Lactoperoxidase

Köksal, Zeynep; Gülçın, İlhami; Özdemir, Haşan

doi:10.5772/64416

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…On the other hand, the natural antioxidants of sesame meal didn’t affect negatively the LPO activity in goats’ milk ( Table 3 ). This is very important because this enzyme has anti-microbial effects which erase the harmful effects of microorganisms in the animals’ mammary glands [ 43 ]. Moreover, the LPO system has a pivotal role in dairy industry in the preservation of raw milk [ 44 ], cheese [ 45 ], and yogurt [ 46 ], and can be used to extend the shelf-life of pasteurized milk as well [ 47 , 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sesame Meal, Vitamin E and Selenium Influence Goats’ Antioxidant Status

et al. 2021

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This study aimed to determine the impact of sesame meal, selenium (Se), and vitamin E (VitE) on goats’ oxidative status. Thirty mid-lactation crossbred goats were divided into five homogeneous groups, and were fed 1 kg of alfalfa hay and 1.2 kg of concentrates daily. The control group (C) received a basal diet. In the concentrates of the treated groups, 10% of the soybean meal was replaced by sesame meal and no extra VitE or Se (SM), or an extra 60 mg of VitE (SME), or 0.1 mg organic Se (SMSe), or their combination (60 mg VitE and 0,1 mg organic Se/kg of concentrate (SMESe). In the plasma of the goats, the dietary treatments did not affect glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase, catalase, superoxide dismutase activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, or the total antioxidant capacity. A reduction and a trend for lower protein carbonyls content was found in goats fed SM (p = 0.03) and SME (p = 0.06) compared to SMESe. In the milk, the lactoperoxidase activity decreased with SMSe and SMESe. A numerical decrease in the total antioxidant capacity and an increase in the MDA content in the milk of the SMESe group compared with the other treated groups was found. In mid-lactation goats, SM improves the oxidative status of both the organism and the milk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sesame Meal, Vitamin E and Selenium Influence Goats’ Antioxidant Status

et al. 2021

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“…[ 37 ] Compounds with antioxidant effect on metabolism inactivate oxidants as reductants. [ 29,38 ] Free Fe 3+ is added to the test medium and a Prussian blue solution is formed. Fe 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3 formed as a result of the reaction gives strong absorbance at 700 nm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of novel sulfonamides with anti‐Alzheimer and antioxidant capacities

Gök

Akıncıoğlu

Binici

et al. 2021

Archiv der Pharmazie

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A series of novel dopamine analogs incorporating urea and sulfonamide functional groups was synthesized from 3,4‐dimethoxyphenethylamine. The reaction of 3,4‐dimethoxyphenethylamine with N,N‐dimethylcarbamoyl chloride, followed by the sulfonyl chlorination of the urea derivative, gave benzene‐1‐sulfonyl chloride 9, which was reacted with NH3 (aq) or N‐alkyl amines to give related sulfonamides. The O‐demethylation reaction of the subsequent compounds with BBr3 afforded four novel phenolic dopamine analogs including sulfonamide and urea in the same structure. The anticholinergic and antioxidant effects of the synthesized compounds were examined. Compound 13 exhibited inhibition at the micromolar level for both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). The IC50 value of 13 was calculated as 298 ± 43 µM for AChE and 321 ± 29 µM for BChE. The antioxidant and antiradical effects of the molecules were investigated by five different methods. Among the synthesized compounds 10–18, the best antioxidant and antiradical activities belong to the phenolic compounds 15–18. Compounds 16 and 18 have a higher reducing power than the standards used, that is, butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole, Trolox, and α‐tocopherol, for Fe3+–Fe2+ and Cu2+–Cu+ reducing activities. For the DPPH• radical scavenging method, compounds 16–18 have a much better scavenging power than the standard molecules. In addition, it has been determined by the induced‐fit docking method that compound 13 is well‐fitted in the active site of the enzymes. ADME studies reveal that the pharmacokinetic and physicochemical properties of all synthesized compounds are within an acceptable range.

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“…For example, Lorenzen et al (2010) found averages of 2,015, 2,796 and 5,190 U/L LPO in raw milk from cows, sheep and goats, respectively. LPO is an oxidoreductase, with its main function in milk being to oxidise molecules in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, providing an antimicrobial function (Koksal et al, 2016).…”

Section: Lactoperoxidase (Lpo)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of alkaline phosphatase and possible alternative testing to verify pasteurisation of raw milk, colostrum, dairy and colostrum‐based products

Clawin‐Rädecker¹,

Block²,

Egger³

et al. 2021

EFS2

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Pasteurisation of raw milk, colostrum, dairy or colostrum-based products must be achieved using at least 72°C for 15 s, at least 63°C for 30 min or any equivalent combination, such that the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) test immediately after such treatment gives a negative result. For cows' milk, a negative result is when the measured activity is ≤ 350 milliunits of enzyme activity per litre (mU/L) using the ISO standard 11816-1. The use and limitations of an ALP test and possible alternative methods for verifying pasteurisation of those products from other animal species (in particular sheep and goats) were evaluated. The current limitations of ALP testing of bovine products also apply. ALP activity in raw ovine milk appears to be about three times higher and in caprine milk about five times lower than in bovine milk and is highly variable between breeds. It is influenced by season, lactation stage and fat content. Assuming a similar pathogen inactivation rate to cows' milk and based on the available data, there is 95-99% probability (extremely likely) that pasteurised goat milk and pasteurised sheep milk would have an ALP activity below a limit of 300 and 500 mU/L, respectively. The main alternative methods currently used are temperature monitoring using data loggers (which cannot detect other process failures such as cracked or leaking plates) and the enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae (which is not suitable for pasteurisation verification but is relevant for hygiene monitoring). The inactivation of certain enzymes other than ALP may be more suitable for the verification of pasteurisation but requires further study. Secondary products of heat treatment are not suitable as pasteurisation markers due to the high temperatures needed for their production. More research is needed to facilitate a definitive conclusion on the applicability of changes in native whey proteins as pasteurisation markers.

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An Important Milk Enzyme: Lactoperoxidase

Cited by 20 publications

References 57 publications

Sesame Meal, Vitamin E and Selenium Influence Goats’ Antioxidant Status

Sesame Meal, Vitamin E and Selenium Influence Goats’ Antioxidant Status

Synthesis of novel sulfonamides with anti‐Alzheimer and antioxidant capacities

The use of alkaline phosphatase and possible alternative testing to verify pasteurisation of raw milk, colostrum, dairy and colostrum‐based products

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