An important superficial vein of the radial aspect of the forearm: An anatomical study

Vathulya, Madhubari; Ansari, Mohd Ikram

doi:10.4103/ijps.ijps_19_18

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…(6) For more extensive hand defects, the pivot point of the flap should be at least 5 cm proximal to the wrist crease, for safer hand vascularisation. If possible, one subcutaneous vein should be included in the flap, and if there are suitable conditions, an anastomosis should be performed with one of the veins in the area of the defect (32,33). This is important in reducing postoperative edema of the RFF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, a number of alternative methods have been used: full thickness skin graft, local skin flap, tissue expansion, vacuum assisted closure (VAC), cell cultures, synthetic skin substitutes (35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44). No one of these is ideal and many researches are still focused on the donor site of RFF (32,34). If STSG was used, secondary transplantation of adipose tissue into the donor site of the flap is advised (45).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radial Flap in Reconstructions of the Hand - Case Series Study

Vulović

Kozarski

Curcic

et al. 2022

Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research

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Radial forearm flap is an axial flap that has become an important technique in reconstructive surgery as a free flap or as a pedicled flap. Defects of the skin and other tissues on the hand are very common and most often they are work-related injuries. In deep defects, flap must be used, as well as in reconstruction of the amputated thumb. There are many flaps that provide adequate soft tissue coverage for the hand. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to present the results of the use of radial forearm flap in various reconstructions on the hand. The retrospective study included 35 patients who underwent reconstruction with radial forearm flaps due to defects of the skin and other tissues on the hand, in the period 1997-2019. Results and complications of the surgery were analyzed. The functional and aesthetic outcome was assessed using Michigan Hand Outcome Qusteionnarire. All patients were followed for a minimum of 1 year. Fasciocutaneous flap was the most commonly used (65.71%), followed by adiposofascial (20%) and osteocutaneous (14.29%). The size of the fasciocutaneous flap ranged from 2.2x3.1cm to 9x13.5cm. The majority of donor sites were closed with split-thickness skin grafts (56.52%), and less frequently with direct suture, local skin flap, and full-thickness skin graft. There were no complete flap losses in the study. Marginal necrosis was noted in 8.57%, and graft failure at the donor site in 14.29%. Secondary surgical procedures were performed in 13 patients. The functional-aesthetic result of the operation, based on the MHQ score, ranged from 31 (1/35) to 130 points (3/35). The ultimate aim of hand reconstruction is to restore sufficient function and form, also, closing the wound within three days following the injury is desirable. Meticulous intraoperative dissection of radial flap and early physical therapy after surgery are mandatory. The radial flap is a suitable method, especially for large and more distal skin defects on the hand, and a very good method for thumb reconstruction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radial Flap in Reconstructions of the Hand - Case Series Study

Vulović

Kozarski

Curcic

et al. 2022

Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research

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“…Besides, the forearm provides several benefits for the surgical procedure of VLNT. First, the sufficient superficial venous system is distributed in the forearm, especially in the radial aspect [24]. The superficial venous communication has an important role in lymph node flap survival and promotion of lymphaticovenous anastomoses and lymphangiogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Recipient Site for Aesthetic Inset of Vascularized Lymph Node Transfer: Preliminary Report

Yi¹,

Park²,

Seo³

et al. 2021

Arch Hand Microsurg

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Purpose: The wrist, elbow, and axillae are recipient sites for vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) in upper extremity lymphedema. To the best of our knowledge, the possibility of the forearm as a recipient site for the VLNT has not been extensively investigated. We introduced a novel recipient site and surgical technique for VLNT in the distal upper extremity without a skin paddle.Methods: Between January 2018 and February 2019, five consecutive patients underwent VLNT for upper extremity lymphedema. A vascularized supraclavicular lymph node was harvested and transferred to the mid-forearm of the lymphedematous limb. Radial artery, venae comitantes, and superficial vein were used as recipient vessels. Outcome was assessed by upper limb circumference and volume.Results: All flaps survived without any donor-site morbidity. All patients reported symptom improvement. Mean circumference and volume at 3, 6, and 12 months after VLNT were reduced statistically significantly (p<0.05). Volume differential reduction was significant (p=0.005), showing an increasing tendency (p=0.050).Conclusion: The forearm appears to be an excellent recipient site owing to its aesthetic and surgical benefits.

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“…In the superficial veins of Cercopithecoidea, Pan, Gorilla , and most of nonhuman primates, lack of significant venous trunks was observed on the medial side of the upper limb, similarly to the venous system of the Anubis baboon. Only in the human and orangutan ( Pongo ) there are two main stems—the basilic and cephalic vein, also called by some authors, regarding to nonhuman primates, respectively lateral vein and medial vein [1, 5, 23]. Observations regarding the development of the fetal veins of the upper limbs may explain the existence of diversity in the organization of the superficial veins between different species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Superficial Venous System of the Forelimb of the Anubis Baboon (Papio anubis): The Distribution of Perforating Veins and Venous Valves

Haładaj

Barszcz

Polguj

et al. 2019

BioMed Research International

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The superficial veins of the forelimb show high variability, both in man and in other primates, regarding the number of main venous trunks, their course, as well as the origin and location of openings. The distinction between two venous systems–the superficial and deep was made based on the relation of specific venous channels to the deep fascia; both groups of veins anastomose to each other through perforators piercing the deep fascia. In our work, we paid special attention to the organization of the venous system within the forelimb of the Anubis baboon (Papio anubis), as well as communications between the superficial and deep venous system. The main aim of the study was a detailed examination of the location of venous valves and perforating veins in forelimb of Anubis baboon. In the Anubis baboon, we observed the absence of the basilic vein. The main vessel within the forelimb, in the superficial venous system, was a well-developed cephalic vein. In all the cases, the cephalic vein opened into the external jugular vein. Also, in all of the examined specimens, there was an additional anastomosis connecting the cephalic and external jugular vein, i.e., persistent jugulocephalic vein located anterior to the clavicle. The venous vessels in the Anubis baboon were arranged in two main layers: superficial and deep, with both systems being connected by perforators located at the level of the carpus and cubital fossa. The number of venous valves within the cephalic vein was greater on the forearm the same as the mean intervalvular distance.

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An important superficial vein of the radial aspect of the forearm: An anatomical study

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Radial Flap in Reconstructions of the Hand - Case Series Study

Radial Flap in Reconstructions of the Hand - Case Series Study

Novel Recipient Site for Aesthetic Inset of Vascularized Lymph Node Transfer: Preliminary Report

The Superficial Venous System of the Forelimb of the Anubis Baboon (Papio anubis): The Distribution of Perforating Veins and Venous Valves

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