“…Furthermore, Equations (8) require that the machine at the end of period t and, consequently, at the beginning of the next period t + 1 is set up for a product i. The setup flow condition is presented in Equation (9). For instance, if a setup operation is performed from product j to product k, thus j∈M δ sd jkt = 1, ∀ k, t, or the setup state for product k is carried over in period t, i.e., δ k,t−1 = 1, then the setup state for product k is carried to period t + 1, i.e., δ kt = 1 or a setup from product k to a product j is done in period t, i.e., i∈M δ sd kit = 1 ∀ k, t. In other words, if the machine is set up for product k in period t, then product k is the last product scheduled in period t (δ kt = 1) or an additional setup operation from product k to product j is performed; see, e.g., [22].…”