An improved computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for predicting hydrate deposition rate and wall shear stress in offshore gas-dominated pipeline

Analytical modelling of the hydraulic effect of hydrate deposition on transportability and plugging location in subsea gas pipelines

“…Again, to overcome the above limitations, our plugging flowtime and transient pressure drop models concentrated on having the hydrates depositional rate as direct input. The results of the CFD model by Umuteme et al 35 for predicting hydrates deposition rates in gas pipelines, compared more favourably with experimental results at lower velocity of 4.7 m/s than the predictions of Di Lorenzo et al 9 However, the CFD model was limited by pipe length, resulting in a gap to develop an analytical model that can predict plugging flowtime, transient pressure drop, and locate the position of hydrates plugging event in industry size pipeline.…”

“…These include experimental flow-loop models, 6,12,[26][27][28] analytical models 9,29,30 and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models. [31][32][33][34][35] Experimental models for gas hydrates studies in pipelines are usually limited by scalability for real-life application because gas pipelines can span several kilometres which is difficult to setup in a laboratory experiment. However, experimental results have provided data for the validation of both analytical and CFD models.…”

“…8 As hydrates begin to form, the gas velocity gradually decreases in the pipeline due to the increased hydraulic loading caused by dispersed hydrate deposits. 35,43 Additionally, the shear stress along the pipeline section where hydrates are forming increases and the pressure also rises over time as the gas density increases near the wall. 12,35 The process of hydrate formation, agglomeration, deposition, and plugging is extensively described in the existing literature.…”

“…35,43 Additionally, the shear stress along the pipeline section where hydrates are forming increases and the pressure also rises over time as the gas density increases near the wall. 12,35 The process of hydrate formation, agglomeration, deposition, and plugging is extensively described in the existing literature. 12,35,40,43 The hydrates deposition induced transient pressure drop can be obtained using the approach in the literature, 40 by estimating the volume of hydrates deposited from the geometry in Figure 2.…”

“…12,35 The process of hydrate formation, agglomeration, deposition, and plugging is extensively described in the existing literature. 12,35,40,43 The hydrates deposition induced transient pressure drop can be obtained using the approach in the literature, 40 by estimating the volume of hydrates deposited from the geometry in Figure 2.…”