“…In equation ( 1), the vehicle transmits hE T pub (m, OTP, ID i , T i , vpk ID i )i to the TRA, and TRA replies with hE vpk ID i ((PID i, 1 , K i, 1 ), (PID i, 2 , K i, 2 ),Á Á Á, (PID i, n , K i, n ), j, T i 8)i, which both of the messages using a timestamp. The generation of certificateless signatures adds timestamp t i to calculate equations ( 4) and (5). Finally, signer generates s i = (U i , S i ) and message timestamp (M i , PID i , vpk ID i , s i , i ).…”