An improved energy management strategy for the solar powered unmanned aerial vehicle at the extreme condition

Zhang, Z.J.; Ji, Ritian; Wang, Y.; Chang, Min; Ma, Xiaoping; Sha, Junwei; Mao, Dongyu

doi:10.1016/j.est.2021.103114

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The EMS should be able to optimally allocate power and maintain its lifetime according to the characteristics of the power supply. In addition, it can also minimize the fuel consumption of the power supply to enhance the UAV endurance [12]. Due to the simplicity and operability of real-time operation rule-based EMS, it is widely used in UAV FC hybrid energy storage systems [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Minimum hydrogen consumption‐based energy management strategy for hybrid fuel cell unmanned aerial vehicles using direction prediction optimal foraging algorithm

Quan

et al. 2023

Fuel Cells

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In hybrid energy storage systems of fuel cell unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), achieving energy management while minimizing hydrogen consumption is the main goal for economic aspects and endurance enhancement. The external energy maximization strategy (EEMS) and the equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) are commonly used energy management strategies. However, they use a gradient descent approach, which converges slowly and does not guarantee the optimal solution. Thus, this paper proposes an optimization method based on a direction prediction optimal foraging algorithm (OFA/DP), which has the advantages of high optimization capability and simple parameter definition. In this study, the hybrid energy storage system comprises fuel cells and lithium‐ion batteries for powering UAVs. To verify the validity of the proposed strategy, it is compared with rule‐based and optimized methods of state machine control, fuzzy logic control based on frequency separation, ECMS, EEMS, and genetic algorithm. The obtained results confirm the superiority of the proposed OFA/DP‐based EEMS method with an efficiency of 88.65% and a minimum hydrogen consumption of 19.06 g. Furthermore, it achieves optimal power distribution and leads to 38.62% minimization in hydrogen consumption.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimum hydrogen consumption‐based energy management strategy for hybrid fuel cell unmanned aerial vehicles using direction prediction optimal foraging algorithm

Quan

et al. 2023

Fuel Cells

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“…UAV's propulsion system is one of its main components that if the use of a powerful and efficient system can increase the capabilities of the UAV 2 . The available UAVs are mostly based on battery, internal combustion engines, or gas turbines‐powered energy systems 3,4 . Relying on such schemes may not be appropriate for any size UAV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 The available UAVs are mostly based on battery, internal combustion engines, or gas turbines-powered energy systems. 3,4 Relying on such schemes may not be appropriate for any size UAV. Because many mini drones have to use a more compact, lighter and more efficient propulsion system (depending on the mission of the drone).…”

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confidence: 99%

Assessment and conceptual design of a SOFC / TIG / TEG ‐based hybrid propulsion system for a small UAV

Ren

2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary Improving the electricity output of a propulsion configuration of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can be effective in achieving the targets of controlling fuel consumption and high flight endurance. Recently, fuel cell‐powered UAVs have been developed to achieve these goals. In addition, the use of an integrated fuel cell‐based electric propulsion system can further improve power generation rate. On the other hand, due to the limited reports on fuel cell‐powered UAVs (especially solid oxide fuel cell [SOFC]), it is necessary to conduct more and detailed studies. In this regard, the present article provides a conceptual analysis of a SOFC/thermionic generator (TIG)/thermoelectric generator (TEG) integrated propulsion configuration to produce electric energy of a small UAV. SOFC stack converts chemical energy into electric current and thermal energy. The thermal energy of the stack's exhaust is converted into electric power under two processes in downstream generators. The objective of this work is to calculate the needful power of an UAV at desired mission requirements. The present study presents a new propulsion configuration. In addition, the proposed system's design and modeling as well as provided results are in such a way that the propulsion system can be generalized for any desired size of UAV. The finding revealed that the introduced propulsion configuration could produce nearly 553.7 W of electricity. Moreover, the efficiency of electricity production was close to 49.3%. It was also found that the drone requires nearly 1.3 kW of electric power to perform the intended mission. According to the conceptual evaluation of the proposed propulsion configuration, five scenarios are also suggested to provide the necessary power to the UAV.

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“…This study mainly emphasizes the necessity to consider the mismatch problem of solar arrays in solar-powered aircraft with unconventional configurations when estimating the energy acquisition. Further studies may focus on the multidisciplinary optimization of the design [32], flight path optimization [33] and energy management [34] for solar-powered aircraft with unconventional configurations. Hopefully, the flight range of solar-powered aircraft will be extended.…”

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confidence: 99%

Energy Acquisition of Solar-Powered Joint-Wing Aircraft Considering Mismatch Power Loss

Sun

Guo

et al. 2021

Energies

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Solar-powered aircraft can perform long-term flights with clean solar energy. However, the energy derived from solar irradiation is influenced by the time of year and latitude, which limits the energy acquisition ability of solar aircraft with a straight-wing configuration. Hence, unconventional configurations based on increasing wing dihedral to track the sun are proposed to improve energy acquisition at high-latitude regions in winter, which may involve power loss caused by mismatch in the photovoltaic system. However, mismatch loss is seldom considered and may cause energy to be overestimated. In this paper, the energy acquisition characteristics of a joint-wing configuration are presented based on the simulation of an energy system to investigate the mismatch power loss. The results indicate a 4~15% deviation from the frequently used estimation method and show that the mismatch loss is influenced by the curved upper surface, the severity of shading and the circuit configuration. Then, the configuration energy acquisition factor is proposed to represent the energy acquisition ability of the joint-wing configuration. Finally, the matching between the aircraft configuration and flight trajectory is analyzed, demonstrating that the solar-powered aircraft with an unconventional wing configuration is more sensitive to the coupling between configuration and trajectory.

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An improved energy management strategy for the solar powered unmanned aerial vehicle at the extreme condition

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

Minimum hydrogen consumption‐based energy management strategy for hybrid fuel cell unmanned aerial vehicles using direction prediction optimal foraging algorithm

Minimum hydrogen consumption‐based energy management strategy for hybrid fuel cell unmanned aerial vehicles using direction prediction optimal foraging algorithm

Assessment and conceptual design of a SOFC / TIG / TEG ‐based hybrid propulsion system for a small UAV

Energy Acquisition of Solar-Powered Joint-Wing Aircraft Considering Mismatch Power Loss

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