An improved fibril angle measurement method for wood fibres

Wang, H. H.; Drummond, James; Reath, S. M.; Hunt, K.; Watson, Paul

doi:10.1007/s002260000068

Cited by 61 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…5, is darker and thus probably hemicelluloses rich. Thus, the inner domain might correspond to the generally called S1 layer which is made of 70-80 % of oriented cellulose microfibrils whereas the outer domain (dark dashed lines) might be the primary cell wall P which contains less cellulose [*8-14 % (Baley 2002)] and no oriented microfibrils (Chakravarty and Hearle 1967;Mukherjee and Satyanarayana 1986a, b;Stout and Jenkins 1955;Wang et al 2001). Indeed, it exhibits a contrast similar to that of the middle lamella (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The ultimate fibre has an average length of 10-40 mm and an average diameter between 10 and 30 lm (Batra 1998;Mukherjee and Satyanarayana 1986a;Wang et al 2001). Its microscopic structure can be sketched out as a tubular cylinder with a central cavity, the lumen (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the cellulose microfibrils are organized in layers in a helical fashion along the axis of the fibre. The microfibrils angle with the longitudinal axis of the fibre, which strongly influences the mechanical properties, is estimated to about 10°in the thickest layer S2 and between 30°and 60°in S1 and S3 (the lower the angle, the better the mechanical properties are) whereas microfibrils are randomly disposed within the external P wall (Chakravarty and Hearle 1967;Hearle 1963;Mukherjee and Satyanarayana 1986a, b;Roe and Ansell 1985;Stout and Jenkins 1955;Wang et al 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Investigation of the internal structure of flax fibre cell walls by transmission electron microscopy

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

is an open access repository that collects the work of Arts et Métiers ParisTech researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. Abstract The development of the use of flax fibre as reinforcement of eco-friendly composite materials requires a good knowledge of its hydrothermal and mechanical behaviours. To this end the fibre internal structure must be finely investigated. Transmission electron microscopy was used to analyse the morphology of the fibre cell walls in terms of the arrangement of the layers and their thickness. Thus, an alternative eco-friendly staining method, based on oolong tea extract was successfully implemented. The results reveal an arrangement at the nanoscale slightly different from the classical four layer model encountered in the literature: the inner layer includes three to four sub-layers. The cell walls comprises two outer layers of relative thickness of about 10 %, a middle layer of about 70 % and a group of thinner layers (called sub-layers) that are contiguous to the lumen with relative thickness of about 20 %.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Investigation of the internal structure of flax fibre cell walls by transmission electron microscopy

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This difference between the two fibre types might be explained by the previous finding that the highly-processed Cottonized fibres have many more defects than the low-processed Green fibres [18] (see Figure 13), which possibly is caused by the stable growth of distributed damage. In other studies, it has been found that the microfibril angle is higher in defect regions than in non-defect regions [19][20][21], and this will lead to the hypothesis that more defective fibres will show more frequently a nonlinear stress-strain behaviour. This hypothesis is supported by the findings in the present study.…”

Section: Stress-strain Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 91%

Strength variability of single flax fibres

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Due to the typical large variability in the measured mechanical properties of flax fibres, they are often employed only in low graded composite applications. The present work aims to investigate the reasons for the variability in tensile properties of flax fibres. It is found that the inaccuracy in the determination of the cross sectional area of the fibres is one major reason for the variability in properties. By applying the typical circular fibre area assumption, a considerable error is introduced into the calculated mechanical properties. Experimental data, together with a simple analytical model, are presented to show that the error is increased when the aspect ratio of the fibre cross sectional shape is increased. The variability in properties due to the flax fibres themselves is found to originate from the distribution of defects along the fibres. Two distinctive types of stress-strain behaviour (linear and nonlinear) of the fibres are found to be correlated with the amount of defects. The linear stress-strain curves tend to show higher tensile strength, higher Young's modulus, and lower strain to failure than the nonlinear curves. Finally, the fibres are found to fracture by a complex microscale failure mechanism. Large fracture zones are governed by both surface and internal defects; and these cause cracks to propagate in the transverse and longitudinal directions. Revision of manuscript submitted to Journal of Materials ScienceReference Number JMSC22209 "Strength Variability of Single Flax Fibres" by Aslan et al. Dear EditorThe authors would like to thank the two referees for their constructive comments. The authors have now carefully considered each of the referees' reports which are shown in italic and have taken them into account as described below. Reviewer #1 This is a well-written paper which presents important results with clarity. It complements two papers I have recently seen in refereeing:(1) We have modified the fibre information accordingly at page 3, line 9-13. (1) Thomason et al on 'fibre cross section determination and variability in sisal and flax and its effect on fibre performance characterization' (Composites Science and Technology CSTE-D-11- Response to Reviewer Comments (3) Reference 8 should be Virk AS, Hall W, Summerscales J (not Amandeep, Wayne and Summerscales).This has been changed. (4)There are a few phrases which would benefit from sub-editing by a native English speaker.The manuscript has been corrected by a native English speaker, resulting in a number of grammatical corrections. Reviewer #2 This is a useful contribution to this subject area. There is little doubt that there are issues surrounding the variability in fibre properties and this study is a useful contribution to the debate.(1) It is for this reason that studies of textile fibres use the linear density method of measurement rather than relying upon the dubious notion of a regular (and circular) cross section. This needs to be mentioned in the text.The authors believe that the linear density method whi...

show abstract

“…Measurements of the ultrastructure were performed with a polarised light microscope coupled with a computer image analyser using the Motic Images Plus 2.0 program (Motic Incorporation Ltd, Hong Kong, China). The MFA values in the S2 layer of secondary cell wall were measured by the direct method after earlier visualisation of the microfibrils, as previously described (Fabisiak et al 2006;Wang et al 2001). To visualise the fibril arrangement the samples were heated in a 20% cobalt chloride solution at 80 °C for 3 to 5 h. MFA in selected annual rings in each sample were measured to an accuracy of 0.1° (Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in the Microfibril Angles in Resonance and Non-Resonance Spruce Wood (Picea abies [L.] Karst.)

Fabisiak¹,

Mania²

2016

BioResources

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Variation in microfibril angle (MFA) in the S2 of the tangent cell walls of resonance and non-resonance spruce wood (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) used in the manufacture of musical instruments was studied. MFA was measured directly after preliminary visualisation of microfibrils in the cell walls. In the tested samples the position of an annual ring in the samples had no significant influence on the MFA. In the resonance wood, MFA values were between two and three times smaller than in the nonresonance wood. In the resonance wood, the differences in the MFA between earlywood and latewood were smaller, and the MFA fluctuations were also smaller.

show abstract

An improved fibril angle measurement method for wood fibres

Cited by 61 publications

References 0 publications

Investigation of the internal structure of flax fibre cell walls by transmission electron microscopy

Investigation of the internal structure of flax fibre cell walls by transmission electron microscopy

Strength variability of single flax fibres

Variation in the Microfibril Angles in Resonance and Non-Resonance Spruce Wood (Picea abies [L.] Karst.)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About