An improved flotation test method and pyrite depression by an organic reagent during flotation in seawater

Jeldres, Ricardo I.; Calisaya, Daniel A.; Cisternas, Luís A.

doi:10.17159/2411-9717/2017/v117n5a12

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The grinding times selected here, such as P80, are between the particle sizes that we want to analyze. The tests may be conducted in a traditional way (e.g., using a Denver machine (Rahimi et al, 2012;Yianatos and Henríquez, 2006)) or using other methodologies based on the objective of the study (Jeldres et al, 2017). The airflow rate; agitation rate; concentration of collectors and frothers; solid concentration; and other chemical, physical, and machine variables must be fixed based on the condition that is being analyzed.…”

Section: Effect Of Grinding On Flotation Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a grinding model based on flotation performance

Mathe

Cruz

Lucay

et al. 2021

Minerals Engineering

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Section: Effect Of Grinding On Flotation Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a grinding model based on flotation performance

Mathe

Cruz

Lucay

et al. 2021

Minerals Engineering

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“…In the flotation production process, flotation concentration is a parameter of unit capacity of reaction separation equipment. With the increase of flotation concentration, the processing capacity of unit equipment of flotation machines increases; on the contrary, its processing capacity decreases [26][27][28][29]. The cobalt grade decreased with the increase of flotation concentration, and the recovery of cobalt increased first and then decreased.…”

Section: Effect Of Flotation Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovering Cobalt and Sulfur in Low Grade Cobalt-Bearing V–Ti Magnetite Tailings Using Flotation Process

Xiao

Yu-shu

2019

Processes

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There is 0.032% cobalt and 0.56% sulfur in the cobalt-bearing V–Ti tailings in the Panxi Region, with the metal sulfide minerals mainly including FeS2, Fe1−xS, Co3S4, and (Fe,Co)S2, and the gangue minerals mainly including aluminosilicate minerals. The flotation process was used to recover cobalt and sulfur in the cobalt-bearing V–Ti tailings. The results showed that an optimized cobalt–sulfur concentrate with a cobalt grade of 2.08%, sulfur content of 36.12%, sulfur recovery of 85.79%, and cobalt recovery and 84.77% were obtained by flotation process of one roughing, three sweeping, and three cleaning under roughing conditions, which employed pulp pH of 8, grinding fineness of < 0.074 mm occupying 80%, flotation concentration of 30%, and dosages of butyl xanthate, copper sulfate, and pine oil of 100 g/t, 30 g/t, and 20 g/t, respectively. Optimized one sweeping, two sweeping, and three sweeping conditions used a pulp pH of 9, and dosages of butyl xanthate, copper sulfate, and pine oil of 50 g/t, 15 g/t, 10 g/t; 25 g/t, 7.5 g/t, 5 g/t; 20 g/t, 5 g/t, 5 g/t, respectively. Optimized one cleaning, two cleaning, and three cleaning condition dosages of sodium silicate of 200 g/t, 100 g/t, 50 g/t, respectively. Study of analysis and characterization of cobalt–sulfur concentrate by X-ray diffraction (XRD), automatic mineral analyzer (MLA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) showed that the main minerals in cobalt–sulfur concentrate are FeS2, Co3S4 and (Fe,Co)S2, of which FeS2 and (Fe,Co)S2 accounted for 65.64% and Co3S4 for 22.64%. Gangue minerals accounted for 11.72%. The element Co in (Fe,Co)S2 is closely related to pyrite in the form of isomorphism, and the flotability difference between cobalt and pyrite is very small, which makes it difficult to separate cobalt and sulfur. Cobalt–sulfur concentrate can be used as raw material for further separation of cobalt and sulfur in smelting by pyrometallurgical or hydrometallurgical methods.

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“…[13]. However, when the operations are carried out in seawater, these are unlikely to operate under highly alkaline conditions, mainly for two reasons: (i) the buffer effect of seawater implies that the lime consumption required to reach pH 11 is about ten times higher than in freshwater [14,15]. This excessive addition of lime means a considerable extra cost to the process, in addition to an increase of water hardness.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression of Pyrite in Seawater Flotation by Guar Gum

Castellón

Piceros

Toro

et al. 2020

Metals

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The application of guar gum for pyrite depression in seawater flotation was assessed through microflotation tests, Focused Beam Reflectance Measurements (FBRM), and Particle Vision Measurements (PVM). Potassium amyl xanthate (PAX) and methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC) were used as collector and frother, respectively. Chemical species on the pyrite surface were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy. The microflotation tests were performed at pH 8, which is the pH at the copper sulfide processing plants that operate with seawater. Pyrite flotation recovery was correlated with FBRM and PVM characterization to delineate the pyrite depression mechanisms by the guar gum. The high flotation recovery of pyrite with PAX was significantly lowered by guar gum, indicating that this polysaccharide could be used as an effective depressant in flotation with sea water. FTIR analysis showed that PAX and guar gum co-adsorbed on the pyrite surface, but the highly hydrophilic nature of the guar gum embedded the hydrophobicity due to the PAX. FBRM and PVM revealed that the guar gum promoted the formation of flocs whose size depended on the addition of guar gum and PAX. It is proposed that the highest pyrite depression occurred not only because of the hydrophilicity induced by the guar gum, but also due to the formation of large flocs, which could not be transported by the bubbles to the froth phase. Furthermore, it is shown that an overdose of guar gum hindered the depression effect due to redispersion of the flocs.Metals 2020, 10, 239 2 of 15 pyrite declines by rising the pH [3][4][5]. This inverse relationship between recovery and pH has been associated with the greater abundance of hydrophilic hydroxides concerning hydrophobic sulfides that found on the pyrite surface. This happens because, at alkaline conditions, ferric hydroxide is generated from the ferrous hydroxide released from inside the pyrite [6][7][8]. Subsequently, ferric hydroxide that has a hydrophilic nature precipitates on the surface of the pyrite, decreasing its contact angle and consequently lowering its floatability [9,10]. In this way, by regulating the pH with alkalizing agents such as sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, or lime, it can make the pyrite no float. An interesting aspect is that lime is more effective compared to sodium hydroxide, which is explained by the participation of calcium ions as, at pH less than 12.5, Ca(OH) + is the main component of the solution. This hydrophilic element has a high affinity for the surface of pyrite, so it also helps to boost their depression. It is common that in the copper industry lime is used as the sole depressant for pyrite, primarily when flotation is carried out in freshwater [11,12]. Interestingly, the use of seawater is a strategy that is being frequently adopted in sectors that have a shortage of freshwater, highlighting mining plants in countries such as Chile, Australia, Indonesia, etc. [13]. However, when the operations are carried out in seawater, these are unlikely t...

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An improved flotation test method and pyrite depression by an organic reagent during flotation in seawater

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Development of a grinding model based on flotation performance

Development of a grinding model based on flotation performance

Recovering Cobalt and Sulfur in Low Grade Cobalt-Bearing V–Ti Magnetite Tailings Using Flotation Process

Depression of Pyrite in Seawater Flotation by Guar Gum

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