With the development and growth of society and economy, the transportation industry is continuously expanding. However, traditional transportation methods suffer from energy waste and environmental pollution. Improving transportation efficiency and reducing environmental impact have become one of the current research hotspots. The vehicle hydraulic power generation system is a technology that converts wasted hydraulic energy during vehicle operation into electrical energy. It enables the recovery and utilization of energy during transportation, thus improving energy utilization efficiency and reducing environmental impact. Therefore, studying the design optimization and performance analysis of the vehicle hydraulic power generation system is of great significance in promoting sustainable development and energy conservation in transportation.