An improved in vivo method for atrioventricular node ablation via thoracotomy

MacIver, Robroy; Stewart, Robert D.; Bäcker, Christina; Tsao, Sabrina; Harrington, Daniel A.; Mavroudis, Constantine

doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2010005000003

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In the heat delivery approach, electrocautery is applied directly to the AV node area [17]. Injection procedures also use a direct approach into the AV node, with cytotoxic chemicals such as formalin used to achieve ablation [18]. Despite their differences, all these methods rely on the same anatomical landmark-the epicardial fat pad-also used in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Ethanol Injections to Create a Complete Atrioventricular Block in a Rat Model

Elgalad¹,

Hanafy²,

Moctezuma-Ramirez³

et al. 2023

Surgeries

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Complete atrioventricular block (AVB) is an abnormal heart rhythm resulting from a defect in the cardiac conduction system. Patients with complete AVB are at risk of symptoms ranging from syncope or hypotension to cardiovascular collapse or sudden cardiac death. A reliable animal model of complete AVB is essential for understanding the mechanisms underlying the fatal hemodynamic effects and alterations in electrical conductivity associated with this arrhythmia. We evaluated the use of ethanol injections in a systematic surgical approach to create a complete AVB model in rats. We used eight Sprague Dawley rats (8 weeks old, 220 ± 30 g): four received a 70% ethanol injection in the AV node, and four received a similar injection of 0.9% sodium chloride. Our surgical approach involved performing a partial sternotomy, using the epicardial fat as a landmark for ethanol injections. Animals were followed for 7 and 14 days. Complete AVB was successfully induced in all four rats that received ethanol injections. Rats in the control group experienced a transient AVB with a return to sinus rhythm. Our study found that using 70% ethanol injections in a systematic surgical approach is a reliable, safe, and reproducible way of creating a complete AVB model in rats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Ethanol Injections to Create a Complete Atrioventricular Block in a Rat Model

Elgalad¹,

Hanafy²,

Moctezuma-Ramirez³

et al. 2023

Surgeries

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show abstract

“…Previous approaches to creating CAVB in rodents relied on injection of cytotoxic chemicals 20,33 , use of custom-made radiofrequency ablation catheters 6,23 , or delivering heat by electrocautery to the AVN area 20,21 . The epicardial fat pad served as the anatomical landmark for the AVN region in all those models.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our technique delivers high frequency electrical energy via a sharp needle to ablate and necrotize the target tissue in a focal manner. We added simultaneous intracardiac recording function 33 by attaching an ECG electrode to the proximal end of the ablation needle, which allowed real-time recording of subepicardial electrogram as the needle is advanced into the AVN region. This subepicardial electrogram (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is notable that the 6-month old female rats could survive CAVB creation with a slow junctional rate at approximately 1/3 of their normal sinus rhythm. In a rabbit model of CAVB, the survival of the animal was highly dependent on the implantation of an electronic pacemaker, programmed to pace at >50% of the rabbit’s normal sinus rhythm 33 . In contrast to the hardy female rats, no 6-month old male rats survived the first 72 hours post-CAVB creation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A rat model of complete atrioventricular block recapitulates clinical indices of bradycardia and provides a platform to test disease-modifying therapies

Kim

Wolfson

Fernandez

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Complete atrioventricular block (CAVB) is a life-threatening arrhythmia. A small animal model of chronic CAVB that properly reflects clinical indices of bradycardia would accelerate the understanding of disease progression and pathophysiology, and the development of therapeutic strategies. We sought to develop a surgical model of CAVB in adult rats, which could recapitulate structural remodeling and arrhythmogenicity expected in chronic CAVB. Upon right thoracotomy, we delivered electrosurgical energy subepicardially via a thin needle into the atrioventricular node (AVN) region of adult rats to create complete AV block. The chronic CAVB animals developed dilated and hypertrophied ventricles with preserved systolic functions due to compensatory hemodynamic remodeling. Ventricular tachyarrhythmias, which are difficult to induce in the healthy rodent heart, could be induced upon programmed electrical stimulation in chronic CAVB rats and worsened when combined with β-adrenergic stimulation. Focal somatic gene transfer of TBX18 to the left ventricular apex in the CAVB rats resulted in ectopic ventricular beats within days, achieving a de novo ventricular rate faster than the slow atrioventricular (AV) junctional escape rhythm observed in control CAVB animals. The model offers new opportunities to test therapeutic approaches to treat chronic and severe CAVB which have previously only been testable in large animal models.

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Autotransplantation of genetically-altered mesenchymal stem cells in treatment of complete heart block in porcine

Li¹,

Zhang²,

Duan³

et al. 2011

Academic Journal of Second Military Medical University

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An improved in vivo method for atrioventricular node ablation via thoracotomy

Abstract: 12 h. Our model enables the researcher to reproduce both CHB and the associated peripheral fibrosis that would be present in an open congenital heart surgery, and which would inevitably impact the design and utility of a tissue engineered AV node replacement.]]>

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Use of Ethanol Injections to Create a Complete Atrioventricular Block in a Rat Model

Use of Ethanol Injections to Create a Complete Atrioventricular Block in a Rat Model

A rat model of complete atrioventricular block recapitulates clinical indices of bradycardia and provides a platform to test disease-modifying therapies

Autotransplantation of genetically-altered mesenchymal stem cells in treatment of complete heart block in porcine

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