Determining diameter and cell bounds of lattice structures Additive manufacturing and lattice geometry constraints. Lattice structure optimization with the proposed approach. In the lattice structure optimization, the lattice type and additive manufacturing (AM) constraints influence the geometric bounds such as the lattice cell dimensions used in the structure and the strut diameters optimized as design variables. Formulations are presented in this study to determine the lower and upper bounds of these geometric dimensions based on the lattice type and AM constraints A stiffness-based lattice optimization process is presented to effectively identify the optimized design within the determined bounds using both the topology and size optimizations. To minimize the computational cost, an optimization algorithm is developed based on the Optimality Criteria (OC) method that can quickly reach the optimized solution. Thus, the design space of the strut diameters can be identified using the developed formulations to get the benefit of using the entire design space in the allowable bounds. The proposed approach is applied for two quadcopter arm examples in the literature. The results show that the proposed approach produces designs with up to 45% better performance compared to the existing designs. Figure A. Proposed lattice structure optimization framework with geometric bounds Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the bounds of the lattice cell dimensions and strut diameters used in the lattice structure optimization based on the lattice geometry and additive manufacturing limits. Theory and Methods: The proposed approach starts with determining the minimum printable diameter (dmin) and minimum strut angle (αt) that can be built without support in AM. The lower bound of diameters (dl) are assigned as dmin. The upper bounds of the cell lengths at each q direction (lu,q) are determined as the outer dimensions of the design space. Then, formulations are introduced for the lower bound of the cell dimensions (ll,q) and the upper bound of the diameters (du) as a function of dmin, αt, and lattice geometry such that there will be gaps between struts to enable the design with lattice cells. The formulations are specifically described for three lattice types called the simple lattice, simple face-centered lattice, and simple body-centered lattice. The design space is modeled with various lattice cell length alternatives identified within the bounds to have integer number of cells (NH,q). A truss topology optimization followed by a size optimization using the OC algorithm is used for each alternative and the optimized design is obtained among possible alternatives. Results: The optimization is implemented for two quadcopter arm designs used in the literature. The optimized lattice structure obtained from the proposed approach had 23% improvement for the first design in terms of stiffness while it had 45% improvement in terms of displacement for the second design. Conclusion: The developed formulations to determine t...