“…By way of examples, Laplacian or quasi-Poissonian field equations were directly solved analytically for SPM machines [10], [11] and inset PM machines [12], conformal mapping techniques were used for analyzing the influence of stator slotting [13]- [15] and rotor saliency in IPM machines [16], [17], while lumped magnetic circuit methods [3]- [9], [18]- [26] were extensively used for SPM machines [18]- [20], switched reluctance machines [21], linear brushless dc machines [22], hybrid stepping motors [5], salient-pole synchronous machines [23], flux-switching PM machines [24]- [26], inset PM machines [6], IPM machines [3], [4], [7]- [9], etc. In the lumped magnetic circuit analysis, the permeances of stator yoke and rotor yoke were often omitted for simplicity [5]- [7], [9], [18], [22], [25], [26], or handled with the nonlinear B-H curve of iron by iterative process for higher accuracy [3], [4], [8], [19]- [21], [23], [24]. However, since there is no significant magnetic saturation at yokes, neglecting the permeances of stator yoke and rotor yoke is usually acceptable and the results will still have fair accuracy [27].…”