An Improved Method for Collecting Breath From 3‐ to 7‐Year‐Old Children

Abstract

Breath sampling and analysis provide healthcare professionals with a practical, noninvasive diagnostic measurement for children with a variety of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. New biomarkers found in human breath have been investigated and provide the opportunity to diagnose bacterial overgrowth and other underlying causes of GI dysfunction. Although several protocols have been described previously regarding breath sampling, few have demonstrated the feasibility of collection in young children. This communication introduces a simple game that allows for 3- to 7-year-old children to practice breath exhalation to give a proper breath sample in a relaxed and comfortable environment. The technique described offers clinicians a creative approach for obtaining breath samples from a child by reducing the apprehension and anxiety associated with the research and clinical environment.

Relevance of Methane and Carbon Dioxide Evaluation in Breath Tests for Carbohydrate Malabsorption in a Paediatric Cohort

“…Correction for improper collection may be important, particularly in children in whom the quality of sample collection may vary (24). Young age, anxiety, and fear associated with medical visits may be factors affecting proper sampling (12). On the other hand, the commitment and experience of technicians involved may render correction for incorrect sampling unnecessary.…”

“… the breath test was considered positive when the exhaled methane exceeded the following net increments over baseline: ≥12 ppm [based on the manufacturer's recommendation (12)] ≥10 ppm [representing the most frequently used cut‐off in the literature and based on international recommendations (2)] ≥5 ppm (to mirror a ≥20 ppm increase in net hydrogen exhalation based on the chemical reaction that 2 hydrogen molecules [4 hydrogen elements] are consumed to produce 1 methane molecule)…”

“…We further aimed to assess whether determination of carbon dioxide in the exhaled air in order to correct for flawed air collection may significantly influence breath test results. This may be of special importance in a young population where the quality of sample collection may vary (12).…”