An Improved Method for Determining Cellulolytic Activity in Anaerobic Bacteria

Mann, S. O.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1968.tb00363.x

Cited by 106 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…For culturing cellulolytic bacteria Whatman No. 1 fi lter paper strip was used and media was prepared as described by Mann (1968). For enumerating proteolytic bacteria and anaerobic fungi composition of media described by Abou- Akkada and Blackburn (1963) and method of Theodorou and Trinci (1988), respectively, were followed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of supplementing the <i>Dicanthium annulatum</i> hay diet with tree leaves on microbial activity in the rumen of goats

Singh¹,

Kundu²,

Karnani³

2007

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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Four adult goats (mean body weight 29.0±2.65 kg) were fed Dicanthium annulatum -Leucaena leucocephala (DA-LL) and Dicanthium annulatum -Hardwickia binata (DA-HB) in 50:50 ratio in switch-over experiment to assess the effect of tree leaves supplementation on rumen concentration of protozoa, their generic distribution, bacteria and fungi. Animals were maintained on each diet for more than 3 months and rumen liquor was collected at 0 and 4 h post feeding. Mean protozoa counts were 5.98 and 5.03×10 5 /ml in goats supplemented with LL and HB, respectively. Entodiniomopha were the most dominant (88.0%) rumen protozoa on both diets. Total viable, amylolytic and cellulolytic bacteria population was higher (P<0.05) in rumen of goats fed DA-LL (23.74, 11.22 and 29.66) than DA-HB diet (10.52 × 10 8 /ml, 6.31 × 10 8 /ml and 11.02 × 10 7 /ml), while the concentration of proteolytic bacteria was 8.64 and 6.23 × 10 7 /ml in rumen of goats fed earlier and later diets, respectively. Mean sporangia counts were comparable in rumen liquor of goats fed both types of diets (0.31 vs 0.33 × 10 5 /ml), while total fungi was higher (P<0.05) in goats fed DA-LL (9.62) than DA-HB (5.04 × 10 4 /ml). On both diets bacteria population was higher at 0 h post feeding, while population of fungi was higher at 4 than 0 h of feeding. Results revealed that goats had higher activities of bacteria and fungi on LL supplemented diet.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of supplementing the <i>Dicanthium annulatum</i> hay diet with tree leaves on microbial activity in the rumen of goats

Singh¹,

Kundu²,

Karnani³

2007

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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“…A sample of fermentation fluid (20 ml) taken directly from the reaction vessel together with a sample of the digesta (1 g) remaining in the nylon bags incubated for the last 48 h were homogenized, under O 2 -free CO 2 , for 1 min using an MSE top-bladed homogenizer at full speed (MSE, London, UK). Serial 10-fold dilutions were prepared under O 2 -free CO 2 for each sample by the anaerobic method of Bryant (1972) using an anaerobic diluent (Mann, 1968). Total viable bacteria were enumerated in roll tubes with a complex rumen contents plus sugars medium to which agar (20 g/l) was added (medium M2; Hobson, 1969), and these tubes were incubated for 72 h at 398C.…”

Section: Experimental Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Total viable bacteria were enumerated in roll tubes with a complex rumen contents plus sugars medium to which agar (20 g/l) was added (medium M2; Hobson, 1969), and these tubes were incubated for 72 h at 398C. Cellulolytic bacterial numbers were determined by a most-probable-number method based on the degradation of filter paper strips (Mann, 1968). Counts of ciliate protozoa were carried out microscopically in a counting chamber (Newbold et al 1987).…”

Section: Experimental Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the pattern of peptide supply on microbial activity in the rumen simulating fermenter (RUSITEC)

Russi¹,

Wallace²,

C.*³

2002

British Journal of Nutrition

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The source and pattern of N supply was varied in the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) in order to determine if continuous, rather than transient, availability of peptides was required for optimum ruminal fermentation. The energy source was fibre prepared from sugar-beet pulp. N was added as NH 3 continuously infused (AC) or peptides (Bacto w Casitone, a pancreatic hydrolysate of casein; Difco Laboratories, Detroit, MI, USA) continuously infused (PC) or added as a single dose at the time of feeding (PS). Free peptides were detected in the fermenter liquid for 4 h after feeding in the AC treatment, for 10 h in the PS treatment, and at all times with the PC treatment. Treatments had no effect on DM degradation. Approximately 40 % of the degradation occurred during the time no peptides were detected in the PS treatment. Microbial N flow tended to be higher with the peptide additions (P, 0·061), with no significant difference between the two peptides treatments. The production of liquid-associated microorganisms (LAM) was higher in the PC treatment (P, 0·05) and the proportion of LAM derived from NH 3 lower (P, 0·05). However, LAM only accounted for 20 -30 % total microbial population. Our main conclusion was that peptides had a small stimulatory effect on the fermentation, but there was no indication that synchrony of supply of energy and amino acid-N in the fermenter promoted a more efficient fermentation than non-synchronous supply. This conclusion must be qualified, however, because some N remained in the fibre and may have become available progressively as the fibre was digested by the micro-organisms.

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“…Tenfold dilutions of the rumen fluid in the solution of Bryant & Robinson (1961) were used to inoculate a liquid medium containing strips of Whatman No. I chromatographic paper (Mann, 1968). From the rumen fluid diluted to I p.p.m.…”

Section: E T H O D Smentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cellulolytic Rumen Bacterium, Micromonospora ruminantium sp.nov.

Janota-Bassalik

1974

Journal of General Microbiology

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A cellulolytic Micromonospora was isolated from the rumen of a sheep. The strain is related to, but not identical with, Micromonospora propionici, the cellulolytic actinomycete isolated by Hungate (I 946) from the alimentary tract of a termite. I N T R O D U C T I O NIn 1942 Hungate observed, in the rumen of a sheep, bacteria resembling morphologically the Micromonospora. In 1946 he described Micromonospora propionici as a new species of anaerobic cellulolytic bacterium isolated from the gut of a termite. According to Hungate (1966) and Prkvot (1966), nine species of anaerobic cellulolytic rumen bacteria are known at present. They belong to the genera Bacteroides, Butyrivibrio, Clostridium, Ruminococcus and Cillobacterium. The taxonomic position of the new species described by Leatherwood & Sharma (1972) is uncertain.The aim of the present work was to isolate the cellulolytic actinomycete from the rumen of a sheep. M E T H O D SIsolation. The original culture of the cellulolytic strain was isolated from the rumen of a sheep fed ad libitum on lucerne. Samples of the rumen contents were pumped through a fistula under a C02 atmosphere into flasks kept at 39 "C, using a perforated stomach tube. The isolation procedure was performed with all precautions for maintaining anaerobic conditions: a COz atmosphere, rubber stoppers, and sodium dithionite (0.0015 %, wlv) added to the rumen fluid. Tenfold dilutions of the rumen fluid in the solution of Bryant & Robinson (1961) were used to inoculate a liquid medium containing strips of Whatman No. I chromatographic paper (Mann, 1968). From the rumen fluid diluted to I p.p.m. we obtained micro-organisms digesting cellulose. They were purified by passing several times through the liquid and agar-solidified media containing cellulose.Characterization. The bacteria were routinely cultured anaerobically at 39 "C in the following liquid and solid media: (i) rumen fluid, cellulose medium (Mann, 1968); (ii) rumen fluid medium (Bryant & Robinson, 1961); (iii) yeast extract and tryptose, peptone medium (van Gylswyk & Hoffman, 1970). Cultures were transferred every seven days. Grown cultures in cellulose medium were kept at 5 "C.Morphological observations were made on bacteria grown in media (i) and (ii). Stained preparations were made from cultures which were 4 h, 12 h, 18 h, I day, 2 days, 3 days, 6 days and 10 days old. The following methods were used: Gram method, Hucker and Cohn

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An Improved Method for Determining Cellulolytic Activity in Anaerobic Bacteria

Cited by 106 publications

References 2 publications

Effect of supplementing the <i>Dicanthium annulatum</i> hay diet with tree leaves on microbial activity in the rumen of goats

Effect of supplementing the <i>Dicanthium annulatum</i> hay diet with tree leaves on microbial activity in the rumen of goats

Influence of the pattern of peptide supply on microbial activity in the rumen simulating fermenter (RUSITEC)

A Cellulolytic Rumen Bacterium, Micromonospora ruminantium sp.nov.

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