An improved method for the calculation of ice loads on sloping structures in first-year ice

Croasdale, Ken; Cammaert, A B

doi:10.1007/bf01545935

Cited by 47 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…One kind of process was observed in big cone angle (55°and 60°) and low ice speed (50 mm/s-100 mm/s) tests. These cases were similar with the process described by Croasdale et al (1994), which is for wide slope structures. Under this mode, the formation of rubble pile started from the events that broken ice pieces rode up the conical surface and fell down onto the ice surface, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Rubble Pilessupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Its effect in decreasing the radius of the circumferential crack has been discussed in some researches for calculating the sheet ice loads on sloping structures (e.g. Määttänen, 1986Määttänen, , 1994Croasdale et al, 1994;Paavilainen et al, 2011). According to these discussions, the vertical loading effect of the rubble pile leads the global ice edge shearing failure replacing bending failure as the major failure mode.…”

Section: Rubble Sizementioning

confidence: 98%

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Experimental observations of the flexural failure process of snow covered ice

Huang

Sun

2016

Cold Regions Science and Technology

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Section: Rubble Pilessupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Rubble Sizementioning

confidence: 98%

Experimental observations of the flexural failure process of snow covered ice

Huang

Sun

2016

Cold Regions Science and Technology

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“…The most common is the use of the keel draft as the only input, which is the case in the analytical models by Croasdale et al (1994), Dolgopolov et al (1975), Mellor (1980) and Prodanovic (1979), while the cross sectional area of the ridge keel is the only input to the analytical models by Croasdale (1980) and Prodanovic (1981). More advanced numerical models by Heinonen (2004) and Serré (2011) could employ any ridge shape.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ice ridge keel geometry and shape derived from one year of upward looking sonar data in the Fram Strait

Ekeberg

Høyland

Hansen

2015

Cold Regions Science and Technology

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Ice ridge keel geometry was studied by analyzing one year of upward looking sonar data collected in the Transpolar drift stream at 79°N, 6.5°W in 2008/2009. Ridges were identified using the Rayleigh criterion with a threshold value of 2.5 m and a minimum draft of 5 m. The keel shape was studied after the identification of ridges from temporal data. On average ridge keels were symmetric both with respect to the centroid of the keel and the keel crest location. By quantifying the ratio between observed keel area and the keel area of an assumed triangular keel shape (often assumed for first year ridges) we observed that in 79% of the cases the ridge cross sectional area would be underestimated by a triangular keel shape. Because keel loads on ships and structures increase with keel draft and keel area it is important that an assumed keel shape maintains the observed keel area. Thus we suggest that a better generalization of the shape of first year ridges is a trapezoidal keel shape rather than triangular. Based on the observations the mean trapezoidal keel, representing both first year ridges and old ridges, has a keel bottom-width which on average is 17% of the keel width. For the deepest keels (N 15 m) the mean keel bottom width was 12% of the keel width. The mean keel draft was 7.3 m and the deepest ridge was 25 m. The temporal data was converted to spatial data based on an ice drift speed estimate which assumed free drift. From the spatial data we found that the mean keel width was 28 m and the mean keel cross sectional area was 164 m 2 .

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“…In each ice force period, the dynamic ice force is in the triangle pulse form. The ice force on cones was composed of the ice force causing sea ice flexural failure and the ice force climbing the cone surface (Croasdale, 1978(Croasdale, , 1984Croasdale et al, 1994;Ralston, 1980).…”

Section: Characteristic Values Of Ice Forcementioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the design of specific structures in a certain sea area, conservative ice force calculation methods (Croasdale, 1978(Croasdale, , 1984ISO19906, 2010;Ralston, 1980) or the recommended ice force values obtained through the laboratory tests were adopted Croasdale et al, 1994;Huang, 2010;Timco et al, 1995). Due to the complex conditions of natural sea ice and the difference of structure styles, only the full-scale measurement system can provide the most credible ice force data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study of dynamic conical ice force

Yue

et al. 2015

Cold Regions Science and Technology

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An improved method for the calculation of ice loads on sloping structures in first-year ice

Cited by 47 publications

References 1 publication

Experimental observations of the flexural failure process of snow covered ice

Experimental observations of the flexural failure process of snow covered ice

Ice ridge keel geometry and shape derived from one year of upward looking sonar data in the Fram Strait

Experimental study of dynamic conical ice force

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