An improved model for diversity gain on earth‐space propagation paths

Hodge, D. B.

doi:10.1029/rs017i006p01393

Cited by 98 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The prediction capabilities of both models are tested against the ITU-R 618-10 for rain attenuation prediction, and Hodge, Panagopoulos and Nagaraja models for site diversity gain prediction are shown in Sect. 5 (Panagopoulos, 2005;Hodge, 1982;ITU-R, 2009;Nagaraja and Otung, 2012). Finally, Sect.…”

Section: F a Semire Et Al: Modeling Of Rain Attenuation And Site Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diversity gain is the improvement in the system margin at a given reliability level which results from the use of path diversity. Models for prediction of rain attenuation and site diversity performance are categorized into two major classes: (1) regression models based on long-term rain attenuation and site diversity statistics (Panagopoulos et al, 2005;Hodge, 1982;ITU-R, 2009;Moupfouma, 1984;Dissanayake et al, 1997;Mandeep et al, 2006) and (2) physical models based on the solution of wave equations for a medium with raindrops which employs lognormal distribution of rain rate and rain attenuation in prediction of joint probability of dual site diversity (Bosisio and Riva, 1998;Mass, 1987;Capsoni and Matricciani, 1985;Crane and Shieh, 1989;Matricciani, 1994).…”

Section: F a Semire Et Al: Modeling Of Rain Attenuation And Site Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the fade mitigation techniques, site diversity has been found to be the most efficient of all (Panagopoulos et al, 2004(Panagopoulos et al, , 2005ESA, 2002). The site diversity technique is based on the concept of the inhomogeneous nature of a rainfall event which occurs within a localized rain cell of a few kilometers in the horizontal and vertical extent (Panagopoulos et al, 2004;Hodge, 1982;Callaghan et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling of rain attenuation and site diversity predictions for tropical regions

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Presented in this paper is an empirical model for long-term rain attenuation prediction and statistical prediction of site diversity gain on a slant path. Rain attenuation prediction on a slant path is derived using data collected from tropical regions, and the formula proposed is based on Gaussian distribution. The proposed rain attenuation model shows a considerable reduction in prediction error in terms of standard deviation and root-mean-square (rms) error. The site diversity prediction model is derived as a function of site separation distance, frequency of operation, elevation angle and baseline orientation angle. The novelty of the model is the inclusion of low elevation angles and a high link frequency up to 70 GHz in the model derivation. The results of comparison with Hodge, Panagopoulos and Nagaraja empirical predictions show that the proposed model provides a better performance for site separation distance and elevation angle. The overall performance of the proposed site diversity model is good, and the percentage error is within the allowable error limit approved by International Telecommunication UnionRegion (ITU-R).

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Section: F a Semire Et Al: Modeling Of Rain Attenuation And Site Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: F a Semire Et Al: Modeling Of Rain Attenuation And Site Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling of rain attenuation and site diversity predictions for tropical regions

et al. 2015

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“…Both the single site prediction and the diversity model fit quite well for the 2 years of measurement. For comparison of diversity prediction it is more useful to plot the equipropable diversity gain, defined as the difference (in dB) between the attenuation for a single terminal and the joint (diversity) attenuation at a fixed probability [17]. In Fig.…”

Section: Diversity Gain and Comparison With Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Site Diversity at Ka-Band Satellite Links in Norway: Gain, Fade Duration, and the Impact of Switching Schemes

Rytir

Cheffena²,

Grotthing

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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Abstract-Analysis of two years of measurements from a three-site satellite beacon diversity experiment in Norway is presented. The operating frequency was 19.68 GHz, elevation angles were between 21.7° and 22°, and site separations 23, 29.7 and 50.1 km. Due to spatial decorrelation of rain, combined attenuation at these sites occurs much less frequently than at a single site. All three two-site combinations and a three-site combination were investigated.Measured values for diversity gain at 0.01% exceedance level were 8.8, 10.7 and 12.1 dB for the two-site pairs and 12.5 dB for three-sites, given a single site attenuation level between 13 and 16 dB. Comparison of the measured data showed excellent agreement with current ITU-R models. Fade duration statistics for single-site and for the combinations are analyzed and it is shown that the statistics for the diversity combinations can be modelled using a double-lognormal function as is the case for single-site statistics.Analysis of the effects of a non-ideal switch-over scheme showed that using moderate switch-over threshold levels and time delays, the number of switch-overs can be significantly reduced while most of the diversity gain and reduction in number of fades is retained.

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“…Hodge [30,31] has shown that the diversity gain can be computed from a given attenuation, A and the separation distance, d:…”

Section: Site Diversity Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rain Cell Size Mapping for Microwave Link Design Systems in South Africa

Akuon¹,

Afullo²

2011

PIER B

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Abstract-Rain cell size is an input requirement for rain-induced attenuation studies. It is useful in estimating the extent of a given radio link path that will traverse the rain medium in a given rain event. The "Synthetic Storm" approach, which requires 1-minute integration time data, is used to derive the proposed rain cell sizes for various climatic zones within South Africa. The conversion of the readily available 1-hour integration time rain rate data to the desired 1-minute rain rate is carried out first for some locations and then validated by the existing measurement data and proposed global conversion factors. By the use of rain-induced attenuation prediction equation for terrestrial links that requires rain cell size as input, contour plots of specific attenuation for two high bandwidth frequencies used in terrestrial link implementations is presented. Site diversity separation distance map is proposed as well from the link budget analysis for each location to achieve an all time link availability of 99.99% of time.

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An improved model for diversity gain on earth‐space propagation paths

Cited by 98 publications

References 6 publications

Modeling of rain attenuation and site diversity predictions for tropical regions

Modeling of rain attenuation and site diversity predictions for tropical regions

Three-Site Diversity at Ka-Band Satellite Links in Norway: Gain, Fade Duration, and the Impact of Switching Schemes

Rain Cell Size Mapping for Microwave Link Design Systems in South Africa

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