An improved model for ultraviolet- and x-ray-induced electron emission from CsI

Boutboul, T.; Akkerman, A.; Gibrekhterman, A.; Breskin, A.; Chechik, R.

doi:10.1063/1.371601

Cited by 28 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…One such compound is the simple ionic salt CsI. This material is a testing ground both for new ideas about compressed matter and new techniques for photoconverters [3]. The metallization in CsI was experimentally achieved by Vohra et al [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressure dependence of structural phase transition and superconducting transition in CsI

Louis

Iyakutti²

2003

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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The self-consistent band structure calculation for CsI performed both in CsCl and HCP structures using the TB-LMTO method is reported. The equilibrium lattice constant, bulk modulus and the phasetransition pressure at which the compound undergoes structural phase transition from CsCl to HCP are predicted from the total-energy calculations. The band structure, density of states (DOS), electronic charge distributions, metallization and superconducting transition temperature (T c ) of CsI are obtained as a function of pressure for both the CsCl and HCP structures. It is found that the charge transfer from s and p states to d state causes metallization and superconductivity in CsI. The highest T c estimated is 2.11 K and the corresponding pressure is 1.8 Mbar. This value is in agreement with the recent experimental observation. The experimental trend -"metallization and superconductivity is rather insensitive to the crystal structure of CsI" -is also confirmed in our work.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressure dependence of structural phase transition and superconducting transition in CsI

Louis

Iyakutti²

2003

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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“…The higher initial QE enhancement for CsI/Cu(100) might be related to the lower electron affinity (0.1-0.2 eV) compared with CsBr (0.4 eV). [13][14][15] It may also imply that the surface Cu band structure is more compressed for CsI than CsBr. 16 We obtain very significant QE enhancement from CsI/Cu(100), following laser activation, that is far greater than that observed for CsBr/Cu(100).…”

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confidence: 99%

Enhanced quantum efficiency from hybrid cesium halide/copper photocathodes

Kong

Joly

Droubay

et al. 2014

Applied Physics Letters

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“…Calculations of elastic scattering amplitudes can be done reasonably well in the muffin-tin potential approximation [3][4][5]. In contrast, a fully rigorous method for including inelastic scattering has not yet been published.The main aim of this paper is to provide a more accurate description of secondary electron emission rates in solids than the currently existing models [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. This is important for a better understanding of radiation damage.…”

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confidence: 99%

Space-time evolution of electron cascades in diamond

et al. 2002

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Abstract:The impact of a primary electron initiates a cascade of secondary electrons in solids, and these cascades play a significant role in the dynamics of ionization. Here we describe model calculations to follow the spatiotemporal evolution of secondary electron cascades in diamond. The band structure of the insulator has been explicitly incorporated into the calculations as it affects ionizations from the valence band. A Monte-Carlo model was constructed to describe the path of electrons following the impact of a single electron of energy E ∼ 250 eV. This energy is similar to the energy of an Auger electron from carbon. Two limiting cases were considered: the case in which electrons transmit energy to the lattice, and the case where no such energy transfer is permitted. The results show the evolution of the secondary electron cascades in terms of the number of electrons liberated, the spatial distribution of these electrons, and the energy distribution among the electrons as a function of time. The predicted ionization rates (∼ 5-13 electrons in 100 fs) lie within the limits given by experiments and phenomenological models. Calculation of the local electron density and the correspond-1 e-mail:ziaja@tsl.uu.se, szoke1@llnl.gov, spoel@xray.bmc.uu.se, hajdu@xray.bmc.uu.se ing Debye length shows that the latter is systematically larger than the radius of the electron cloud, and it increases exponentially with the radial size of the cascade. This means that the long-range Coulomb field is not shielded within this cloud, and the electron gas generated does not represent a plasma in a single impact cascade triggered by an electron of E ∼ 250 eV energy. This is important as it justifies the independent-electron approximation used in the model. At 1 fs, the (average) spatial distribution of secondary electrons is anisotropic with the electron cloud elongated in the direction of the primary impact. The maximal radius of the cascade is about 50Å at this time. At 10 fs the cascade has a maximal radius of ∼ 70Å, and is already dominated by low energy electrons (> 50%, E < 10 eV). These electrons do not contribute to ionization but exchange energies with the lattice. As the system cools, energy is distributed more equally, and the spatial distribution of the electron cloud becomes isotropic. At 90 fs, the maximal radius is about 150Å. An analysis of the ionization fraction shows that ionization level needed to create an Auger electron plasma in diamond will be reached with a dose of ∼ 2 × 10 5 impact X-ray photons perÅ 2 if these photons arrive before the cascade electrons recombine. The Monte-Carlo model described here could be adopted for the investigation of radiation damage in other insulators and has implications for planned experiments with intense femtosecond X-ray sources.The treatment of electron cascades in this paper is restricted to low energy electrons (E impact = 250 eV) and weakly ionized samples where only a few interatomic bonds are perturbed. We chose diamond as a model compound because of its significan...

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An improved model for ultraviolet- and x-ray-induced electron emission from CsI

Cited by 28 publications

References 43 publications

Pressure dependence of structural phase transition and superconducting transition in CsI

Pressure dependence of structural phase transition and superconducting transition in CsI

Enhanced quantum efficiency from hybrid cesium halide/copper photocathodes

Space-time evolution of electron cascades in diamond

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