An improved model of potential and current distribution within a flow-through porous electrode

Doherty, T.; Sunderland, J. G.; Roberts, Edward P.L.; Pickett, D. J.

doi:10.1016/0013-4686(96)81774-9

Cited by 88 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It is attempted to validate the present model simulations with the data reported in the literature. The Figures 13 & 14 compares the present model simulation with the data reported due to Doherty et al (1995). It can be ascertained from the figures that the model simulation match satisfactorily with the experimental data reported in the literature.…”

Section: Model Simulation and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Studies on the Fluidized Bed Electrode

Kumar¹,

Ramamurthy²,

Subramanian³

et al. 2008

International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present investigation attempts to study the hydrodynamic characteristics of the fluidized bed electrode. A core-annular flow model with a transfer of particles between core-annular layers has been proposed to describe the flow behavior of conducting particles in the fluidized bed electrode. The effect of individual parameters on the rate of the particle transfer across the layer and thickness of the core-annular has been critically examined and the model simulation has been verified with the data reported in the literature.

show abstract

Section: Model Simulation and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Studies on the Fluidized Bed Electrode

Kumar¹,

Ramamurthy²,

Subramanian³

et al. 2008

International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…25 This limitation can be overcome by the use of three-dimensional porous electrodes, 26 which lead to an enhancement of the mass-transfer rate and allow the use of low current densities, but with a relatively high electric current per unit cell volume. 27 Specifically for Pb 2+ ions, several works on their removal from aqueous solutions using three-dimensional electrodes were reported in the literature. De Leon and Pletcher 1 investigated the influence of different anions at pH 2 (perchlorate, nitrate, tetrafluoroborate, sulfate and chloride) on the kinetics and current efficiency for Pb 2+ reduction at a reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) cathode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galvanostatic removal of Pb2+ ions from diluted solutions by the use of a membrane-less flow-through cell with stainless steel wool electrodes

Almeida

Bocchi

Rocha‐Filho

et al. 2011

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A remoção de íons Pb 2+ a partir de soluções diluídas foi estudada, em condições galvanostáticas, usando uma célula de fluxo sem membrana com eletrodos de esponja de aço inoxidável (SSW). A metodologia de superfície de resposta (variáveis independentes: corrente elétrica e vazão) foi usada para obter as condições ótimas para a remoção de Pb 2+ a partir de 2 L de uma solução de Pb(NO 3 ) 2 50 mg L -1 em NaNO 3 0,10 mol L -1 + H 3 BO 3 0,10 mol L -1 (pH 4,8). A partir das superfícies de respostas, concluiu-se que a vazão (59-341 L h -1 ) não influencia significativamente no processo de remoção de Pb 2+ . Por outro lado, o aumento da corrente elétrica leva a uma maior remoção de Pb 2+ , com valores significantemente melhores de consumo de energia específica e eficiência de corrente quando comparados àqueles relatados na literatura. Para um experimento realizado na região de condições ótimas (70 mA e 200 L h -1 ), uma conversão de Pb 2+ de 99,6% foi atingida depois de 90 min de eletrólise. A utilização da célula de fluxo sem membrana com eletrodos de SSW, além de ser energeticamente mais eficiente, levou à remoção de Pb 2+ em ambos os eletrodos, mais predominantemente no anodo, sobre o qual 95% dos íons Pb 2+ foram convertidos a PbO 2 .The removal of Pb 2+ ions from dilute solutions was investigated under galvanostatic conditions using a membrane-less flow-through cell with stainless steel wool (SSW) electrodes. The response surface methodology (independent variables: electric current and volumetric flow rate) was used to find the optimal conditions for Pb 2+ removal from 2 L of an aqueous solution of 50 mg L -1 Pb(NO 3 ) 2 in 0.10 mol L -1 NaNO 3 + 0.10 mol L -1 H 3 BO 3 (pH 4.8). The obtained response surfaces revealed that the volumetric flow rate (59-341 L h -1 ) does not substantially affect the Pb 2+ removal process. On the other hand, the electric current increase led to higher Pb 2+ removal, with significantly improved values of specific energy consumption and current efficiency when compared with those reported in the literature. For an experiment carried out in the optimum-condition region (70 mA and 200 L h -1 ), a Pb 2+ conversion of 99.6% was attained after 90 min of electrolysis. The use of the membrane-less flow-through cell with SSW electrodes, besides being significantly more energy efficient, led to Pb 2+ removal on both electrodes, but predominantly in the SSW anode, on which more than 95% of the Pb 2+ ions were converted to PbO 2 .Keywords: electrolytic removal of Pb 2+ ions, electrochemical treatment, Pb 2+ wastewater, simultaneous cathodic/anodic Pb 2+ removal, factorial design, response surface methodology IntroductionNowadays, environmental agencies of many countries require the treatment of aqueous effluents containing toxic metallic ions, such as Cd 2+ , Cr 6+ and Pb 2+ , to decrease their concentrations to lower values than those permitted for discharge into sewers (few mg L -1 down to zero, depending on the country). The treatment of these effluents is usually done adjusting their pH or a...

show abstract

“…This avoids economic loss during treatment, and reduces both water consumption and environmental impact. Flow-through porous electrodes are usually used for electrochemical recovery of heavy metals from very dilute solutions [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. This electrochemical reactor provides large surface area usually depleting the concentration of metal ions below 0.1 ppm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This last is attributed to the electrode material, shape, electrode area, and reaction mechanism (nature of the new metallic phase) involved. On the other hand, it is well known that during the depletion of the metal ions from the solutions, a potential and current distribution along the cathode occurs [5][6][7][8][9][10]. For this reason, it is highly recommendable to design thick porous electrodes with moderate flow rate of electrolyte [5][6] to avoid secondary reactions which impact in the performance of the flow through porous electrode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, it is well known that during the depletion of the metal ions from the solutions, a potential and current distribution along the cathode occurs [5][6][7][8][9][10]. For this reason, it is highly recommendable to design thick porous electrodes with moderate flow rate of electrolyte [5][6] to avoid secondary reactions which impact in the performance of the flow through porous electrode. This paper deals with the use of reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) and graphite felt (GF) as porous electrode for the removal of 20 ppm Cu(II) in 0.5 mol dm -3 Na 2 SO 4 at pH 2 (which resembles a rinsing wastewater generated by a plating industry).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mass Transport and Potential Studies in a Flow-through Porous Electrode Reactor

Nava¹,

Recéndiz²,

González³

et al. 2009

Port. Electrochim. Acta

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper deals with the use of reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) and graphite felt (GF) as porous electrode for the removal of 20 ppm Cu(II) in 0.5 mol dm -3 Na 2 SO 4 at pH 2 (which resembles a rinsing wastewater generated by a plating industry). The experimental mass transport characterization (k m a = bu c ) showed that for 100 ppi (RVC), the value of the coefficient b, associated with magnitude of porous electrode, is 0.88, while for (GF) is 3.38. On the other hand, c value for 100 ppi (RVC) is 0.06, while for (GF) is 0.62, indicating that the flow pattern is a complex function of the shape of the electrode. The experimental potential drop for 100 ppi (RVC) and (GF) (1.2 cm thick), indicated the absence of hydrogen evolution. Current efficiencies for RVC and GF were function of convection, giving values comprised between 45 ≤ φ ≤ 68% and 51 ≤ φ ≤ 73%, respectively, and energy consumption values of 0.3 < E cons < 1.7 and 0.4 < E c < 1.1 kWh m -3 , respectively. Theoretical number of identical cells in the stack (N) necessary to the cupric depletion from 20 to 1 ppm, for 100 ppi (RVC) and (GF) were calculated.

show abstract

An improved model of potential and current distribution within a flow-through porous electrode

Cited by 88 publications

References 14 publications

Studies on the Fluidized Bed Electrode

Studies on the Fluidized Bed Electrode

Galvanostatic removal of Pb2+ ions from diluted solutions by the use of a membrane-less flow-through cell with stainless steel wool electrodes

Mass Transport and Potential Studies in a Flow-through Porous Electrode Reactor

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About