An improved parallel regenerative braking system for small battery electric vehicle

Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to design an improved parallel regenerative braking system (IPRBS) for electric vehicles (EVs) that increases energy recovery with a constant brake pedal feel (BPF). Design/methodology/approach The conventional hydro-mechanical braking system is redesigned by incorporating a reversing linear solenoid (RLS) and allowed to work in parallel with a regenerative brake. A braking algorithm is proposed, and correspondingly, a control system is designed for the IPRBS for its proper functioning, and a mathematical model is formulated considering vehicle drive during braking. The effectiveness of IPRBS is studied by analyzing two aspects of regenerative braking (BPF and regenerative efficiency) and the impact of regenerative braking contribution to range extension and energy consumption reduction under European Union Urban Driving Cycle (ECE). Findings IPRBS is found to maintain a constant BPF in terms of deceleration rate vs pedal displacement during the entire braking period irrespective of speed change and deceleration rate. The regenerative ratio of IPRBS is found to be high compared with conventional parallel regenerative braking, but it is quite the same at high deceleration. Originality/value A constant BPF is achieved by introducing an RLS between the input pushrod and booster input rod with appropriate controller design. Comparative analysis of energy regenerated under different regenerative conditions establishes the originality of IPRBS. An average contribution ratio to energy consumption reduction and driving range extension of IPRBS in ECE are obtained as 18.38 and 22.76, respectively.

A Logic Threshold Control Strategy to Improve the Regenerative Braking Energy Recovery of Electric Vehicles

“…Jiang et al [71] reported that their energy recovery efficiency reached 55%. In the NEDC, Jiang et al [71] achieved an energy recovery efficiency of 55.3%, followed by Salari et al [80], Wager et al [81], Xiao et al [86], Mondal et al [84], Yin et al [70], and Xu et al [92]. Although our energy recovery efficiency is not as high as that of Jiang et al [71], it is better than others.…”

Artificial Neural Networks: A Promising Tool for Regenerative Braking Control in Electric Vehicles

“…Instead, they can be used for charging EV batteries during the barking process [5], [6]. For instance, the kinetic energy wasted in the form of heat during the vehicle braking can be recovered by integrating RBS in EVs or by using hybrid braking systems [1], [7]- [9]. These braking systems are used to recover a portion of the wasted kinetic energy during braking vehicles in motion.…”

“…It was mentioned that, integrating RBS in buses and trains can reduce fuel consumption by about 30% and increase energy efficiency to 30% [4], [8], [10], [11]. To ensure the efficiency of the energy recovery process some parameters must be considered such as the type of used motor, the applied braking force and EV batteries, different road surfaces coefficients, driver intentions, state of charge of the battery, drive distance, motor braking torque and braking forces distribution on the wheels [2], [9], [12].…”