An improved sonochemical reactor

Abstract

The design and optimization of sonochemical apparatus are still open to advancement. Under high-intensity ultrasound reaction rates and yields are mainly influenced by the characteristics of transducer and reactor. Several useful improvements are introduced and described. In order to achieve uniformity of the acoustic field and optimal acoustic streaming in every part of the reaction vessel (a Teflon tube), the reactor can be made to rotate eccentrically around the horn axis and the probe to move alternatively up and down by a pre-determined excursion at a chosen speed. Continuous high-power irradiation is feasible without any time limit because the whole probe system is refrigerated by an oil forced-circulation circuit connected to a chiller. The apparatus can control a number of important reaction parameters: modified atmosphere, reaction temperature, tunable frequency and constant amplitude. Excellent performance was observed on several reactions, such as the chemical modification of chitosan, a poorly soluble biopolymer.

Integrated Sonochemical and Microbial Treatment for Decontamination of Nonylphenol-Polluted Water

“…Extraction of mycelia was performed with a homemade immersion-horn 20 kHz US device (Cravotto et al 2005b).…”

New chiral selectors: Design and synthesis of 6‐TBDMS‐2,3‐methyl β‐cyclodextrin 2‐2′ thioureido dimer and 6‐TBDMS‐2,3‐methyl (or 2‐methyl‐3‐acetyl) β‐cyclodextrin bearing an (R) mosher acid moiety

“…Column chromatography was performed using silica gel 60 (Merck). Sonochemical reactions were performed in a new reactor 32,33 that was designed in the authors' laboratory in collaboration with TEKIMP srl. When a modified reaction atmosphere was required, a gas inlet was inserted into the top of the TPFE reactor and joined to the horn by an elastomer sleeve coupling fixed to it with a tight seal.…”

Contribución al estudio de la aplicación de ultrasonidos de potencia en el secado convectivo de alimentos

“…La sonoquímica es el área de conocimiento en la que se aplican ultrasonidos de potencia para mejorar la cinética de reacciones químicas (Senapati, 1991;Abismaïl et al, 1999;Cravotto et al, 2005). Esta tecnología ha sido desarrollada a partir de los años 80 del siglo pasado y actualmente presenta un gran auge.…”