An Improved Squirrel Search Algorithm for Maximum Likelihood DOA Estimation and Application for MEMS Vector Hydrophone Array

Abstract

Maximum likelihood (ML) method for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation achieves an excellent performance in array signal processing, but the complexity and computational load of searching the multidimensional nonlinear function prevented it from practical application. Based on squirrel search algorithm (SSA), an improved SSA (ISSA) for ML DOA estimation is proposed in this paper, which can reduces the computational complexity. The idea of spatial variation and diffuse inspired by the invasive weed optimization(IWO) algorithm is applied to ISSA. The simulation experiments compared ISSA with SSA, IWO, seeker optimization algorithm(SOA), sine cosine algorithm (SCA), genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and differential evolution (DE) method for ML DOA estimator show that the proposed algorithm has faster convergence speed, fewer iterations and lower root mean square error(RMSE) under different number of signal sources, different signal to noise ratio(SNR) and different population size. Therefor the proposed algorithm does not only ensure the estimation accuracy, but also greatly reduce the computation complexity of multidimensional nonlinear optimization for the ML method. Finally, the test experiment using Micro Electronic Mechanical Systems(MEMS) vector hydrophone array in Fenhe lake show the engineering practicability of proposed ML DOA estimator with ISSA.The results obtained will be valuable in the application of engineering. INDEX TERMS Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation, maximum likelihood (ML), squirrel search algorithm (SSA), invasive weed optimization (IWO), micro electronic mechanical systems (MEMS) vector hydrophone.

A Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Algorithm Based on Compressed Sensing and Density-Based Spatial Clustering and Its Application in Signal Processing of MEMS Vector Hydrophone

“…Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation has been an important research field for scientific researchers because of its wide application scenarios. Its application in 5G and internet of things communication [ 1 , 2 ], medical imaging [ 3 ], earthquake monitoring [ 4 ] and underwater acoustic signal processing [ 5 , 6 ] greatly facilitates people’s production and life. With the rapid development of information technology, more and more application scenarios and complex application environment bring more challenges to DOA estimation technology.…”

An Improved Squirrel Search Algorithm With Reproductive Behavior

“…The results demonstrate the effectiveness of SSA in comparison with some state-of-the-art optimization algorithms, such as PSO, ABC, bat algorithm (BA), and firefly algorithm (FF). Since the development of SSA, it has been successfully applied to various optimization problems such as structural design [30], image analysis [31], and production scheduling [32], [33].…”

“…However, it neglects the running time of the algorithm and has a weak effect in high-dimension problems. To increase population diversity, Wang et al proposed an improved squirrel search algorithm (ISSA) with spatial variation and diffusion behavior to update the positions of squirrels [30]. The results indicated that the ISSA outperformed conventional SSA.…”

A Data Fusion Orientation Algorithm Based on the Weighted Histogram Statistics for Vector Hydrophone Vertical Array

“…References [ 13 , 14 ] enriched ESPRIT technology and applied it in practice. Researchers have also adopted a vector sensor array to the experiment for DOA estimation and verified its availability [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”