An Improved Subject-Independent Stress Detection Model Applied to Consumer-grade Wearable Devices

Abstract

Stress is a complex issue with wide ranging physical and psychological impacts on human daily performance. Specifically, acute stress detection is becoming a valuable application in contextual human understanding. Two common approaches to training a stress detection model are subject-dependent and subject-independent training methods. Although subject-dependent training methods have proven to be the most accurate approach to build stress detection models, subject-independent models are a more practical and cost-efficient method, as they allow for the deployment of stress level detection and management systems in consumer-grade wearable devices without requiring training data for the end user. To improve the performance of subject-independent stress detection models, in this paper, we introduce a stress-related bio-signal processing pipeline with a simple neural network architecture using statistical features extracted from multimodal contextual sensing sources including Electrodermal Activity (EDA), Blood Volume Pulse (BVP), and Skin Temperature (ST) captured from a consumer-grade wearable device. Using our proposed model architecture, we compare the accuracy between stress detection models that use measures from each individual signal source, and one model employing the fusion of multiple sensor sources. Extensive experiments on the publicly available WESAD dataset demonstrate that our proposed model outperforms conventional methods as well as providing 1.63% higher mean accuracy score compared to the state-of-the-art model while maintaining a low standard deviation. Our experiments also show that combining features from multiple sources produces more accurate predictions than using only one sensor source individually.