The existence and localization of brain angiotensin receptors is well established. However, questions regarding the endogenous ligand for brain angiotensin type 1 (AT 1 ) receptors necessitates re-examination of brain angiotensin receptor binding studies. To assess the ability of angiotensin II to bind to the brain AT 1 receptor, radioligand binding studies of rat brain AT 1 receptors were performed using both 125 I-angiotensin II and 125 I-sarcosine 1 , isoleucine 8 angiotensin II. Determination of binding kinetics and competition by an AT 1 receptor antagonist was carried out to reveal the identity of the membrane binding sites and to identify the bound 125 I-labeled molecules. Initial analysis of 125 I-angiotensin II binding to hypothalamic membranes using an established protocol revealed that a negligible amount of intact radioligand was bound to the membranes. In contrast, binding of 125 I-sarcosine 1 , isoleucine 8 angiotensin II was saturable, of high affinity, and primarily as intact radioligand. Sequential addition of four peptidase inhibitors-ophenanthroline, puromycin, phenymethylsulfonyl fluoride, and glutamate phosphonate-to the assay buffer dramatically increased the binding of 125 I-angiotensin II to rat brain membranes: more than 75% of the bound 125