An in vitro assay for the assessment of the effects of an organophosphate, paraoxon, and a triazine, atrazine, on the heart of the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

Tryfonos, Melpomeni; Antonopoulou, Efthimia; Papaefthimiou, Chrisovalantis; Chaleplis, George; Theophilidis, George

doi:10.1016/j.pestbp.2008.09.005

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 26 publications

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“…[1,2] The toxicity of OPs is mainly due to their inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), a key enzyme for nerve transmission. [3][4][5] AChE inhibition-based bioassays or biosensors have been developed for detection of OPs as faster, simpler and potentially in situ alternatives to conventional analytical methods such as gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Assay of Methyl Parathion in Homogeneous Reaction Using Water Soluble Films with Immobilized Acetylcholinesterase

et al. 2011

Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology

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Water soluble poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was used to prepare the enzyme membranes of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) for electrochemical assaying methyl parathion in water insoluble organic solvent. The immobilized enzyme was separated from electrode for the development of enzyme inhibition-based bioassays. This assay is simple and convenient where enzyme membrane is applicable for single use and the electrode for repeated use. The enzyme membranes can be used handily piece by piece and the released AChE performs catalytic reaction homogeneously. The inhibition percentage of AChE increases with the concentration of methyl parathion ranging from 0.1 to 1 mg/mL.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Assay of Methyl Parathion in Homogeneous Reaction Using Water Soluble Films with Immobilized Acetylcholinesterase

et al. 2011

Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology

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Effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor paraoxon denote the possibility of non-quantal acetylcholine release in myocardium of different vertebrates

2011

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Effects of organophosphorous acetylcholinesterase inhibitor paraoxon were studied in the isolated atrial and ventricular myocardium preparations of a fish (cod), an amphibian (frog) and a mammal (rat) using the microelectrode technique. Incubation of isolated atrium with paraoxon (5 × 10(-6)-5 × 10(-5) M) caused significant reduction of action potential duration and marked slowing of sinus rhythm. These effects were abolished by muscarinic blocker atropine and therefore are caused by acetylcholine, which accumulates in the myocardium due to acetylcholinesterase inhibition even in the absence of vagal input. Hemicholinium III is a blocker of high affinity choline-uptake transporters, which are believed to mediate non-quantal release of acetylcholine from cholinergic terminals in different tissues. In the atrial myocardium of all the three studied species, hemicholinium III (10(-5) M) significantly suppressed all the effects of paraoxon. Blocker of parasympathetic ganglionic transmission hexamethonium bromide (10(-4) M) and inhibitor of vesicular acetylcholine transporters vesamicol (10(-5) M) failed to attenuate paraoxon effects. Among ventricular myocardium preparations of three species paraoxon provoked marked cholinergic effects only in frog, hemicholinium III abolished these effects effectively. We conclude that paraoxon stops degradation of acetylcholine in the myocardium and helps to reveal the effects of acetylcholine, which is continuously secreted from the cholinergic nerves in non-quantal manner. Thus, non-quantal release of acetylcholine in the heart is not specific only for mammals, but is also present in the hearts of different vertebrates.

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Comparing the inhibitory effects of five protoxicant organophosphates (azinphos-methyl, parathion-methyl, chlorpyriphos-methyl, methamidophos and diazinon) on the spontaneously beating auricle of Sparus aurata: An in vitro study

et al. 2009

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An in vitro assay for the assessment of the effects of an organophosphate, paraoxon, and a triazine, atrazine, on the heart of the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

Electrochemical Assay of Methyl Parathion in Homogeneous Reaction Using Water Soluble Films with Immobilized Acetylcholinesterase

Electrochemical Assay of Methyl Parathion in Homogeneous Reaction Using Water Soluble Films with Immobilized Acetylcholinesterase

Effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor paraoxon denote the possibility of non-quantal acetylcholine release in myocardium of different vertebrates

Comparing the inhibitory effects of five protoxicant organophosphates (azinphos-methyl, parathion-methyl, chlorpyriphos-methyl, methamidophos and diazinon) on the spontaneously beating auricle of Sparus aurata: An in vitro study

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