An In Vitro Evaluation Study of the Geometric Changes of Root Canal Preparation and the Quality of Endodontic Treatment

Abstract

Introduction. The geometry of root canals differs in different parts, especially in the apical region, and it is affected by different preparation techniques. The aim of this study was to evaluate the geometric changes of root canal preparation by general dentists regardless of the endodontic instrumentation systems and to study the quality of endodontic treatment by evaluating the untouched areas after mechanical preparation and the smear layer removal. Materials and Methods. 100 extracted maxillary canines were collected for the in vitro study from 10 dentists, and the dentists were asked to treat the teeth endodontically. The teeth then were separated and examined under an optical microscope to evaluate the root canal final diameter and the untouched areas. Then, the teeth were examined under a scanned electronic microscope to evaluate the smear layer in coronal, middle, and third parts of the canal. Statistical significance was set as P<0.05. Results. The mean diameter of the root canal after instrumentation in the coronal and middle thirds was 2.50 ± 1.12 and 1.75 ± 1.24 mm, respectively, and the untouched area percentage observed in the apical thirds was 71%. For smear layer removal, it was better in the coronal and middle thirds than in the apical (P<0.05). Conclusion. The changes in the diameter of the root canal, the percentage of untouched areas after mechanical preparation, and the percentage of smear layer were observed in a higher percent in the apical third than in the coronal and middle thirds, and this raises the question of changing the technique of processing the root canal, especially in the apical third.

Finite element study of the fatigue behaviour of nickel‐titanium endodontic files utilised with pecking motion technique

“…It's important to note that the selected molar tooth, intended for simulations with various files and operational techniques in the future studies, had not previously undergone root canal treatment. Therefore, its root canal was artificially enlarged based on the data from the literature, taking into consideration the dentin removal resulting from endodontic procedures [18,19].…”

“…[18] and Razumova et al. [19]. The final geometry of the reconstructed root canal was used in the simulation (Figure 7).…”

“…In order to simulate a root canal subjected to an endodontic procedure, the selected root canal was reconstructed by increasing its diameter to 1.2 mm at the coronal section and tapering it down to 1 mm at the apical section, while maintaining the original curvature and path. These diameters were selected based on the studies performed by Martos et al [18] and Razumova et al [19]. The final geometry of the reconstructed root canal was used in the simulation (Figure 7).…”

Effectiveness of XP-Endo Finisher and passive ultrasonic irrigation on intracanal medicament removal from root canals: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…A systematic review published by Yaylali et al showed that PUI was superior over SNI and EA for removing calcium hydroxide from the root canal apical third area [48]. It is more difficult for the irrigation techniques to fully contact with the canal wall because the apical thirds have more lateral canals, apical ramifications, and isthmus than the coronal and middle thirds [99]. In addition to the complex anatomical factors, the phenomenon of vapor lock also prevented the irrigant solutions to penetrate into apical thirds [100].…”

Effectiveness of XP-Endo Finisher and Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation on Intracanal Medicament Removal From Root Canals: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

“…A systematic review published by Yaylali et al showed that PUI was superior over SNI and EA for removing calcium hydroxide from the root canal apical third area [101]. It is more di cult for the irrigation techniques to fully contact with the canal wall because the apical third regions have more lateral canals, apical rami cations, and isthmus than the coronal and middle third regions [102]. In addition to the complex anatomical factors, the phenomenon of vapor lock also prevented the irrigant solutions to penetrate into apical third regions [103].…”